The present study, focused on investigating the effect induced by treatment with caffeine in different concentrations, applied for 6 and 12 hours respectively, highlights the response of cells from the root meristem of caraway (Carum carvi L.) at the level of mitosis process. To achieve the proposed objectives, the following indicators were evaluated: mitotic index, frequency of mitotic division phases, as well as the frequency of division aberrations. Thus, the application of caffeine treatment induced a decrease of division cells frequency, in general, proportional to the increase in concentration and the extension of the duration of seeds exposure to the tested alkaloid, so that at maximum dose and 12 hours of treatment, cell division was blocked. Furthermore, the genotoxic effect of caffeine is evidenced by the increase of chromosomal aberrations frequency, this parameter being almost 4 times higher than the Control variant.