PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS, ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LAWSONIA INERMIS LINN (HENNA) LEAF EXTRACT
ALI MOHAMED MASAAD(1), MUSTAFA JAIPALLAH ABDELMAGEED ABUALREISH(2*), NADA MYSARA AHMED HUSSEIN(3), ADEL NOUBIGH(4), AHMED ABDELMONEEM ABDALLAH(1)
1 Omdurman Islamic University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry,382 Omdurman, Sudan
2 Northern Border University, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, 91431 Arar, Saudi Arabia
3 Omdurman Islamic University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, 382 Omdurman, Sudan
4 Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, 73213 Arar, Saudi Arabia
* Corresponding author: Mustafa.Abualreish@nbu.edu.sa
Abstract
The research aimed to evaluate the bioactive potential of henna ethanolic (HenEtOH) and henna hexane (HenH) crude extracts derived through maceration, and to compare their efficacy based on solvent polarity. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and phenolic compounds and the absence of terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins in the ethanoic extract, while flavonoids and tannins were only detected in the hexane extract. Extraction yields were higher with ethanol, producing 41.43 g (20.70 ± 0.63 %) compared to 6.00 g (3.00 ± 0.12 %) with hexane. Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that HenEtOH exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties, with inhibition zones ranging from 14.00 ± 00 to 19.00 ± 00 mm. Conversely, HenH extract showed no inhibitory activity against any tested microorganisms. Antioxidant analysis revealed that HenEtOH exhibited superior antioxidant activity, with 94 ± 0.01 % inhibition. In contrast, HenH displayed lower antioxidant. The findings demonstrated that solvent polarity greatly influences extraction efficiency and bioactivity, with the ethanol extract (HenEtOH) showing higher yield and stronger biological effects than the hexane extract (HenH).