In modern poultry meat production, photoperiod regimes and lighting technologies represent critical environmental determinants that directly influence the performance and physiology of broiler chickens. This paper examines the scientific interest in the effects of these factors on growth, carcass traits, and health status using a scientometric approach. The data, collected from the Web of Science database using Boolean search queries, were analyzed with the Bibliometrix package and the Biblioshiny platform in R. In total, 7,421 publications were examined, allowing the assessment of research output, influential authors, leading journals, co-citation networks, and major research themes. The results reveal a substantial increase in scientific interest in the field and indicate a coherent interdisciplinary structure. These findings provide a robust foundation for future research and for the optimization of lighting strategies and photoperiod regimes in commercial poultry production.