This paper compares two methods for radioactive waste management: geological disposal and purpose-built storage. Geological disposal relies on natural geological formations for long-term isolation but faces challenges such as irretrievability and geological stability. In contrast, purpose-built storage offers flexibility, enhanced monitoring, and the ability to adapt to different waste types, though it requires continuous maintenance and presents higher operational risks. A comprehensive risk analysis and modeling help determine the optimal solution, balancing environmental safety and practical feasibility. The study highlights the importance of technological advancements and continuous monitoring to ensure safe management for future generations.