The present study focuses on the analysis, under various aspects, of the relation between mathematics, literature (mainly poetry) and the plastic arts (mainly painting). The first part presents the similarity of the creative act in mathematics and in art, from the point of view of several remarkable creators, both mathematicians and artists. The second part emphasizes the relation between mathematics and poetry exemplified in the vision of some great mathematicians and poets. The work of the outstanding mathematician-poet Dan Barbilian-Ion Barbu represents the main focus. The third part outlines the connection between mathematics and painting, illustrated in the works and ideas of some representative personalities of the world culture.