Volume 14 (2008)
Articles
THE STUDY OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE EFFICIENCY IN CONTROL OF CABBAGE PESTS
MARIA CĂLIN, MARIA FENESA POJAR, BOGDAN TOMOZII, MAGDALENA DUMBRAVA
During 2003 - 2006, vegetable field experiments were performed in Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau - Romania, in order to evaluate the effect of natural insecticide: NeemAzal-T/S - 0,5%, 75 Neem Oil - 0,5 %, Diatect 13,58%, Diatect, 0,3 %, Entomax - 0,15 %, Entomx – 0,1 % on cabbage aphids and Noctuidae larva. The treatments ware compared with untreated. NeemAzal-T/S - 0,5%, 75 Neem Oil - 0,5 %, Entomax - 0,15 %, showed the very good efficacy, above 85.92 %, after 7 days of treatments for these cabbage pests.
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT DECAY CAUSED BY SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM IN SERBIA
SAŠA D. STOJANOVIÆ, SNEŽANA DJ. PAVLOVIÆ, MIRA S. STAROVIÆ
The marshmallow (Althea officinalis), valerian (Valeriana officinalis), nettle (Urtica dioica), and caraway (Carum carvi) are described as the hosts of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Serbia. The symptoms and morphological characteristics are described. Effect of temperature and media were investigated on pathogen development and sclerotia production.
ENEMIES AT THE GATE: TERPENOIDS AND DEFENSE AGAINST SPRUCE BARK BEETLE (IPS TYPOGRAPHUS)
GAZMEND ZENELI, NADIR ERBILGIN, PAAL KROKENE, ERIK CHRISTIANSEN, JONATHAN GERSHENZON
In the present investigation, the effect of chemical induced defense in host colonization process of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in mature Norway spruce were studied. We used methyl jasmonate (MJ), a wellknown inducer of plant defense responses, to manipulate the biochemistry and anatomy of mature Picea abies trees and test their resistance to attack by Ips typographus. Stem sections of P. abies treated with MJ had a significantly higher concentration of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenes than untreated sections. Bark sections of P. abies treated with MJ had significantly less I. typographus colonization than bark sections in the controls and exhibited shorter parental galleries and fewer eggs deposited. The increased amount of terpenoid resin presentin MJ-treated bark could be directly responsible for the observed decrease in I. typographus colonization and reproduction.
A NEW VARIETY OF ORIGANUM VULGARE L. – DENIS, CREATED AT VRDS BACAU IN ECOLOGIC AGRICULTURE CONDITION, CERTIFIED IN 2007 YEAR
MARCELA FALTICEANU, TINA OANA CRISTEA, SILVICA AMBARUS, NECULAI MUNTEANU, IOAN BURZO
Origanum vulgare L., common name oregano, origami, arigan, marjoram belongs to Lamiaceae family and its origin habitat is Europe.Oregano is a perennial plant of 0,6 – 0,8m high. The flowers are small, coloured in red till lilac-lavender. It blossom from July till September, being pollinated by bees. The utility rate of plants is 3 : 5.In the literature is mentioned as a plants with multiple uses: culinary (as a condiment plant or for the preparation of a aromatised tea, the leaves can be consumed fresh or cooked); ornamental (is decorative through port, bush and flowers: often is cultivated in pots); medicinal (is has an antiseptically and expectorant effects, being used also in affections of respiratory systems, indigestions, arthritis, aromatherapy etc); melliferous (is a good melliferous plant); in biologic agriculture (with repellent effect for insects, is recommended for association with many vegetable species, also because the plants cover very well the soil, thus providing an herbicide effect); cosmetics (perfume, soap, spay industry).
GENOTYPE x ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN GRASS PEA (Lathyrus sativus L.) LINES
G. B. POLIGNANO, V. BISIGNANO, V. TOMASELLI P. UGGENTI, V. ALBA, DELLA GATTA
Eight grass pea lines grown in three different seasons were evaluated for the stability of seed yield, 100-seeds weight, flowering time, plant height and biomass. Significant differences existed among years, lines and lines x years interaction for all traits except for 100-seeds weight. Two methods of multivariate analysis cluster and principal components were utilized to determine: firstly, whether a pattern existed among lines in their response across years and secondly to examine the relationships among them. In both analysis each lines was presented as a vector whose elements were given by the performance of lines in each year. The analyses used arranged the lines into groups that where differentiable in terms of performances and stability.
STANDARDIZATION, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CASSIA TORA SEED EXTRACT
T.S.ROOPASHREE, DANG RAMAN, R.H. RANI SHOBHA, C. NARENDRA
The study was designed to standardize and evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of seeds of Cassia tora (Cesalpinaceae). Pharacognostic investigation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the seeds of Cassia tora was carried out. The seeds were subjected to extraction and the aqueous extract of Cassia tora seeds was standardized as per the guidelines and methods set by world health organization for herbal drugs. The standardized extract was subjected to phyto-chemical analysis followed by antimicrobial evaluation using cup-plate technique. Pharmacognostic evaluation confirmed the authenticity of the seeds with respect to its morphology as well the microscopy. Phytochemical studies of the standardized extract revealed the presences of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, triterpenes, tannins and some flavanoids. The extract was identified by the presence of emodine in it by HPTLC. The extract was free from heavy metals and arsenic. The ash values were with in the acceptable limits. The saponin content of the extract was found to be 18.4%. Antibacterial evaluation revealed that aqueous extract was more effective and S.aureus was the most susceptible organism. The present study supports the use of aqueous extracts of Cassia tora seeds for treating bacterial infection and skin disea ses like psoriasis.
THE STUDY OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS FROM PROPOLIS
SABINA IOANA COJOCARU, DUMITRU COJOCARU, GABRIELA VASILE, ELENA CIORNEA
In the last years, a more and more accentuate tendency of utilization of homeopath medicine principles is observed, especially in what concern the prophylaxis of some diseases. A central place is occupied by the study of bees products due tot he fact that in spite of the huge density of bees populations the incidence of diseases is very low. Among the bees products the most studied are: honey, royal jelly, propolis, pollen and wax. The present paper presents a study regarding the content in vitamin P, the activity of catalysis, of content in dry substance, and respectively of weight of soluble fractions in alcohol of propolis originated in different geographic areas of our country The analysis of experimental results revealed the fact that both the content in vitamin P and the activity of catalysis registered ample fluctuations depending on the native areas. Regarding the weight of the alcoholic dry extract and the dry substance no significant differences between samples were observed.
THE RESEARCHES FOR PRODUCTION OF HYBRID SEEDS AT CUCUMBER
MARIA CALIN, TINA OANA CRISTEA, SILVIA AMBARUS, MARICELA FALTICEANU, LUCIAN STOIAN, CAMELIA POPA, MAGDALENA DUMBRAVA
The paper presents the results of researches performed upon the use of bees in the seed production processes at 3 cornichon type hybrids (Cornisa F1, Cornibac F1, and Cornirom F1). The results shows a very high efficiency of honey bees in pollination of cucumber flowers, resulting in an increase of seed quantities per fruit ranging from 150% (Cornirom F1) to 214,1% (Cornisa F1), as compared to manual pollination.
MEDICINAL SPECIES OF MACROMYCETES RECORDED IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
BILJANA BAUER PETROVSKA, MITKO KARADELEV, SVETLANA KULEVANOVA
Fungi have a long history of usage in traditional medicine. The content of medicinal species (about 200 species) has not been researched enough in Macedonia. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to present the medicinal species of macromycetes recorded in the Republic of Macedonia together with the literature data for their effects in human therapy. Their large number facilitates selection of those characterized by a significant medicinal quality.
PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN SAFFLOWER (Chartamus tinctorius L.) LINES.
V. ALBA, G.B. POLIGNANO, M. GALANTE, G. CARROZZO, E. ALBA
Twenty-eight lines of safflower (Chartamus tinctorius L.) were evaluated during two seasons: 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 in Aradeo LE (Apulia region) to study the interrelationships among seven characters such as: oil yield components (seed yield and oil content) days to flowering, plant height, 1000 seed weight and branches with head. To analyse the cause-effect relationship upon the oil yield components (seed yield and oil content) and four morpho-biological characters a path coefficient analysis was performed. The results obtained showed that: seed yield strongly influenced oil yield, while oil content had a milder action. The last two traits were negatively affected by plant height and branches with head, while days to flowering exerted a strong direct effect upon oil content. Considering the direct action of seed yield and oil content upon oil yield, it is worth nothing the stronger influence of the former, thus indicating a strategy of a selection based upon seed yield.
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATORS OVER THE „IN VITRO” MORPHOGENETIC REACTION AT ORIGANUM VULGARIS L.
TINA OANA CRISTEA, MARCELA FALTICEANU, MARIA PRISECARU
Origanum vulgare L. – oregano, is a perennial plant of 0.6 - 0.8 m, that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Oregano is an important aromatic plant utilized both as culinary and medicinal plants. Tissue culture „in vitro” is a useful method for large scale production of pathogen-free plants. In this study in order to determine the best hormone variant that allows the obtaining of a large number of plants, apical shoots of young plants grown in controlled conditions were utilised. The explants were cultured in solid MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of kinetin – 1.0 – 2.0 mg/L and 1.0 - 2.0 mg/L BAP in combination with 0.1 – 0.5 mg/L NAA and IAA. Multiple shoots were obtained from the apical explants, the higher frequency (85%) formation of shoots was observed in the media variant that contained BAP in combination with NAA. Initially 1 or 2 buds developed, later up to 12 shoots of above 3 cm length were formed in node in two weeks. Shoots were multiplied by subculture on the same medium. The shoots rooted on the same media. The rooted plantlets were hardened and successfully established in pots at 85% success rate. The reported experimental dates represent viable methods of plant regenerations of Origanum vulgaris L. through shoot tip culture.
THE DYNAMICS OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN ZEA MAYS DURING THE GERMINATION PERIOD
SABINA IOANA COJOCARU, DUMITRU COJOCARU, ELENA CIORNEA, GABRIELA VASILE
From biochemical point of view, the germination process consists in the mobilization of storage substances that is realized by the hydrolyze of proteins, polysaccharide and lipids under the action of specific enzymes until the their basic structural units (amino acids, monosaccharide, fatty acids etc.) and their utilization as precursors in the metabolic processes that assures the development of plantlet until the unleash of the photosynthetic process. For the accomplishment of the experimental part we evaluated the dynamic of total amylase activity, α- and β-amylase, neutral protease, alkaline and acid lipase at maize (Zea mays) during germination and the correlation of fond values with the dynamic concentration of their specific substances. The obtained dates emphases a high enzymatic activity that should demonstrate the fact that, during the germination period, the main storage substances are mobilized with an amazing speed with the purpose of energy production, energy that is necessary for embryo growing till the moment of unleash of the biosynthetic process.
MICROMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF LAMIUM ALBUM L. TRIHOMES
GRUJIC-JOVANOVIC M. SLAVICA, MARIN D. PETAR, MIHAILO RISTIC, SLOBODAN D. PETROVIC
Micromorphology and distribution of trichomes on stem, leaves and calyx of Lamium album L. were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. On the stems, leaf and calyx two types of trichomes were found: nonglandular uniseriate elongated trichomes and glandular peltate trichomes with 4-celled heads.
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC CHAMOMILE PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF GREECE AND SERBIA
TATJANA LJ. NASTOVSKI, PASCHALINA S. CHATZOPOULOU, DRAGOJA S. RADANOVIÆ, THEODOROS V. KOUTSOS
The organic model of cultivation of the Serbian chamomile (C. recutita (L.) Rausch) cv "Banatska", and essential oil yield was monitored throughout field experiments conducted in Serbia and Greece. Average yield of dry chamomile flowers obtained in Serbia was 778 kg/ha and in Greece was 767 kg/ha. The average content of essential oil in dry chamomile flowers in Serbia was 0,34 % and in Greece was 0,44 %.. The results showed that the content of essential oil appeared to be significantly higher in chamomile cultivated in Greece.
CONSERVATION OF EASTERN EUROPEAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: ARNICA MONTANA IN ROMANIA
BARBARA MICHLER, KATHE WOLFGANG, SUSANNE SCHMITT, IOAN ROTAR, FLORIN PACURAR
The purpose of the project is to develop a model for the sustainable production and trade of Arnica montana, in Gârda de Sus commune, Apuseni Mountains (Romania), resulting in benefits for biodiversity and livelihoods. The principles of which can be used to inform the development of conservation approaches and methodologies for other endangered medicinal and aromatic plants and their habitats. This model can be tested on other species and will have conservation benefits for habitats, extending beyond benefits for the targeted species. Ecological management and human management are equally challenging and essential for the success of the project. Based on experiences from a previous project and preliminary scientific data on arnica distribution, growth and reproduction in the area, key components for successful project implementation have been identified: research on arnica ecology, trade chain, socio-economic context and drying methods; training and capacity building; development of a local resource management and trade association; development and construction of arnica drying facilities.