Volume 21, No. 2 (2012)
Articles
STUDIES ON THE INVERTEBRATES’ COMMUNITIES IN BIOLOGICAL CHERRY TREES CULTURES AT S.C. FRUCTEX S.A. BACAU
Camelia Ureche(1), Roxana Elena Voicu(2)
The studies were carried out over the year 2010 in a 18 years old cherry tree orchard, at S.C. Fructex S.A. Bacau. The invertebrates communities of the epigean fauna in 2010 include species belonging to 8 classes, 12 orders and 22 families with an amount of 7083 individuals. The Insect class is about 55.88% of the whole collected material. According to the relative abundance of the trophic categories, we can say that the structure of the invertebrates communities of the epigean fauna is well-balanced, the ecosystem is stable, due to the age of the cherry tree culture and on the other hand due to the lack of the chemical treatment. The study of the canopy insect pests highlighted two categories of insect pests: endophagous species, especially leafmining insects and ectophagous species, respectively aphids and ectophagous insect larvae. However, even if the frequency of attack of both endophagous and ectophagous species has recorded high values, we found that the intensity of attacks did not reach pest economic threshold.
DIEL ACTIVITY OF THE POISON FROG OOPHAGA PUMILIO IN RESPONSE TO WEATHER CONDITIONS IN BOCAS DEL TORO, PANAMA
Raluca Cruceanu
Activity of Oophaga pumilio was monitored on Isla Colón, Republic of Panama. I quantitatively determined the number of vocalizing male frogs and investigated differences in hourly total activity and hourly calling activity and the influence of weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and rainfall on total activity and calling activity during the day. 17 There was a statistically significant difference between hourly time intervals for diel calling activity in the dry season, and a positive correlation between calling activity and light intensity. Overall calling activity was high between 10:30 am – 11:30 am, while calling activity was at its lowest early in the morning and late afternoon, and at its highest 9:30 am - 12:30 pm. There was no significant difference between total activity and temperature, total activity and humidity, total activity and light intensity, total activity and rainfall, calling activity and temperature, calling activity and humidity, calling activity and rainfall.
THE DYNAMICS OF THE RURALITY AND NATURALITY INDEX OF THE VILLAGE BOŢEŞTI
Maria Chivulescu
The study emphasizes the development of the rural space from the central eastern side of Arges county, using the temporal dynamics of the value of the synthetic index of rurality, applied to the village Botesti during the time gap 2002-2010. The rurality coefficient, whose value is ranging between 3 and 6 was calculated based on the labor force of the agricultural employees and the population of the village in a certain period of time. These indexes are relative and they show the position of each administrative – territorial unit. The rurality coefficient is based on the calculation mode of the human development coefficient. During the period 2000-2005 the index of naturality was for the entire village 57.1 % and during the period 2005-2010 it was 54.9 %. The human pressure on the environment by the use of the lands has the largest impact upon the landscape pending on the utilization way predominant in the unit of relief analyzed with fruit trees, meadows and hay fields (hectares).
THE DYNAMICS OF THE CLIMATIC FACTORS IN CÂRCINOV BASIN WITH REFERENCE TO THE VILLAGE BOŢEŞTI
Maria Chivulescu
In the present work are studied the temperature and rainfalls for the Cârcinov valley in the last years (2008-20110) related to a longer period of time and to the modifications of the vegetation under the influence of the anthropic action. For the Cârcinov Valley and also for the entire country, the time gap 2000-2011 was hot on its entire period, being noticed warmer winters that took place with a larger frequency, the earliest springs, the hottest summers with longer canicular periods and with exceeding the absolute thermal maximum at the country level. The predominance of the early springs reflects a proof of the regional climatic changes noticed mainly in this interval. For Cârcinov Valley, a region placed in Cândeşti Piedmont, the relationships between the climatic system and that of the hydrographic networks are very important from the point of view of the characteristics of this region, mainly, for the evaluation of the phenomenon with risks, that appear at the crossing of the two systems (climatic – hoar-frost, white frost, glazed frost, freeze, fog, blizzard and hydrological – bed processes and inrushes) This orographic shelter has a very significant preponderance in keeping the temperatures higher inside. In this situation Cârcinov valley is safe from the “invasions” of cold or hot air from the plains mainly due to this orographic dam. The sum of the bioactive temperatures (T over or equal with 5 0 C) is 3704 and the length of the vegetation period (T over or equal to 10 0 C) is 3164. These data lead us to the conclusion that within the unit studied, the thermal potential of the area differentiates sensibly and it explains the presence of the clay alluvial brown soils covered with beech forests or beech forests - oak groves, that predominate in the northern part of the area. Due to the lack of interest from the Ocolului Silvic / “Forests Division” in the area or of other private divisions, to take for guarding the forests that were given back, the forests were devastated and long surfaces remained barren, without trees.
STUDY ON ATTACKS OF TOMATO FRUITWORM (HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA HÜBNER) IN VEGETABLE PLANTS
Maria Călin(1), Tina OanaCristea(1), Silvica Ambarus(1), Creola Brezeanu(1), Petre Marian Brezeanu(1), Maria Prisecaru(2), George Florin Şova(1)
The study of degree attack of H armigera was performed at VRDS Bacau during 2010- 2012. The attack appeared at end of June in all years. Attack level in first generation of pest was very low, therefore go unnoticed. There were no significant differences between the three variants during 2010 - 2012. In second generation of H. armigera the degree of attack (DA%) was under 1,3% in open field at Unibac and Roma cultivar. In tunnels DA% was high: 8,9% in 2010, 4,5% in 2011 and 14,5% in 2012. Climatic conditions were very favorable for pests in 2012: drought and high temperatures, so that may be a reason why the attack was very high in tomatoes grown in the tunnels. In tunnel the attack in pepper ranged between 0,9 % in 2010, 3,8 in 2011 and 5,0 % in 2012. The attack of tomato fruitworm in bean was high in 2012 in Auria Bacaului variety. The pest attack of second generation increased progressively in the three years of study, being: 1,1 in 2010, 2,1 in 2011 and 5,7 in 2012. The data obtained show that H. armigera population is increasing. In order to prevent the damages produced by this pest a continuous monitoring of its population must be performed. This pest is polyphagous insect and it can attack many species of vegetable.
THE USE OF TUMOR MARKERS IN PREVENTING AND DIAGNOSING CANCER
Maria Prisecaru(1), Ionuţ Stoica(2), Nicoleta Bădăluţă(3)
In using tumor markers for early diagnosis and at early stages of neoplasm cases in the period March 2004 - September 2010, 18,830 samples were processed, of which 10 574 samples were confirmed with a diagnosis of cancer of various types, primary and metastatic forms. The markers used were: hepatic (AFP, CEA, CA 19-9), pancreatic (CEA, CA19-9), of prostatic (CEA, PSA, acid and alkaline phosphatase), breast (CEA, AC15-3, CA27, 29), genital (CEA, CA125), lung (CEA), gastrointestinal (CEA). The investigations were conducted using the apparata LISA 200, Miura 9.2 and ELISA on peripheral blood. The high frequency of this serious disease in the study group (40.5% subjects with confirmed cancer) should be a warning to reconsider our lifestyle, habits and nutrition.
OBSERVATION ON THE STATE OF FISH COMMUNITIES IN THE BISTRICIOARA RIVER, RIGHT TRIBUTARY OF BISTRIŢA RIVER
Ionuţ Stoica, Ferdinand Pricope, Klaus Werner Battes, Maria Prisecaru
This article represents a comparative study on the fish fauna from the Bistricioara River before the anthropic impact that took place after 1960 and the present fauna. The evaluation of the present status of the fish communities was performed in 4 collecting points on the main course of the river, by highlighting the abundance and absolute biomass, the numeric stock and gravimetrical stock at each collecting point. The ecological rang of every species in the structure of fish communities and the present zoning fish of the river were determined by calculating the ecological indices (constancy, dominance, ecological significance). The biodiversity index and the biological integrity index (IBI), which are the best indicators of the degree to which the fish fauna is affected by the anthropic impact, were also calculated.
RESEARCH ON THE RESTORATION OF THE FISH COMMUNITIES FROM THE LOWER BASIN OF BÂRLAD RIVER
Ionuţ Stoica, Klaus Werner Battes, Ferdinand Pricope
This study reflects the current state of the fish fauna from the lower basin of river Bârlad, within the research started in 2003 in the hydrographic basin of this river regarding the inventorying of the species of fish from these waters. The lower basin and particularly the main course of river Bârlad have been seriously affected by water pollution, which led even to the extinction of the fish communities across the entire main course of the river, downstream of the city of Bârlad. This paper highlights the extent to which these fish communities have recovered, the data obtained being compared to that from 2003 and from the literature in order to identify the changes suffered by the structure of the fish communities. To this effect, investigations have been conducted in terms of species composition, the structure of fish assemblages, as well as the index of biological integrity (IBI) which best reflects the present condition of the fish stocks in these ecosystems.
STUDY ON ATTACKS OF TOMATO DISEASES IN TUNNELS
Maria Călin(1), Petre Marian Brezeanu(1), Tina Oana Cristea(1), Silvica Ambarus(1), Creola Brezeanu(1), Maria Prisecaru(2), George Florin Şova(1)
Experiments were carried out at Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau during 2011 – 2012, in tomato cultivated in tunnels. In the climatic conditions of 2011 – 2012 years the following pathogens have been observed: - Cladosporium fulvum - Tomato Leaf Mould - Alternaria sp. – Early blight (brown spotting of the leaves of tomato). - Phytophthora infestans - Downy mildew, Tomato blight. Tomato Leaf Mould was observed on tomato plants at the following cultivars: - Amonita, frequency of attack (FA%) - 90% intensity of attack (IA%) 84% degree of attack (GA%) 75.6%. - 5.5.C, FA% - 18.8%, IA% - 21.5%, GA% - 4.1%. - Abelus, FA% - 40%, IA% - 46.9%, GA% - 18.8%. - Inima de bou, FA% - 100%, IA% - 25%, GA - 25%. The variety Inima de bou was the most sensible to disease, with a 100% frequency of attack and 25% intensity of the attack. This cultivar was followed by the hybrids: Ammonita GA% - 75.6%, Abelus GA% - 18.8% and 5.5.C, GA% - 4.1%. Alternaria sp. had lower attack: - 1.1.C; AF% 50% IA% - 9.4% GA% - 4.7%. - Inima de bou, FA% - 100; AI% - 9.4% GA% - 9.4%. Due to high temperatures and low humidity, downy mildiew had a lower attack, as: - 1.1.C F% - 30% I% - 3.2% GA% - 0.9%. - L 15, F% - 10% I% - 12.5% GA% - 1.3%.
THE DYNAMIC OF LETHAL POISONING WITH METHANOL IN FIFTEEN CITIES IN ROMANIA BETWEEN 2005 AND 2010
Doina Moales(1), Maria Prisecaru(2), Elena Butnaru(1)
The statistical study regarding the lethal poisonings with methanol was done after consulting the data from the Department of Forensics of fifteen counties in Romania. The data include: the number of violent deaths as a result of methanol poisoning, age, sex, the origin of the deceased person. After analyzing the data, it was found that in Galati, Botosani, Vaslui, Mehedinti and Bistrita Nasaud there was no lethal poisoning with methanol; out of the 10 counties that showed lethal poisoning, in which there were 66 cases, Bacau was the city with the most cases, 21, and the least cases were in Suceava, 1 case. According to sex, the most cases occurred in men, 53 men and 13 women. According to origin, there were 48 cases in the rural area as opposed to 18 urban cases. According to age, between 41 and 50 years there were 19 cases, followed by 16 cases between 51 and 60 years, the lowest number was registered between 61 and 70 years with 3 cases. The total number of cases for each analyzed year, highlights the year 2006 with 22 cases, with a fluctuating evolution.