Volume 24, No. 2 (2015)
Articles
ENTOMOPHAGE DYNAMICS ON NECTARIFEROUS PLANTS AND TOMATO-CROPS
PANTELEI VITION
Cultivation of entomozones, microreservations with nectariferous and aromatic plants which contain in their pollen glucides and extrafloral nectar in adjancecy with agroecosystems of anual agricultural crops and cnoses of perenial plantations increases biological reproduction of entomophages by 3-5 times, and longevity in case of minimal quantities of food
TRICHOGRAMMA ENTOMOPHAGE IN INTEGRATED PLANT PROTECTION AS MEANS TO REDUCE PESTS’ POPULATION DENSITY CROPS IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
LIDIA GAVRILITSA
During 2006-2014, average biological efficacy after 4 and respectively 4-6 launches with Trichogramma evanescens Westw. on annual crops (such as cabbage, corn, tomatoes, peas, sugar beet and soybean) varied in the first variant from 74% to 90.0%, whereas in the second variant varied from 60 to 81%. Pest attack on the researched agricultural crops varied from 2% to 10%, after Trichogramma launching. In the untreated field, the same index varied from 16% to 90%. During the period 2011-2012, research studies with Trichogramma embryophagum Htg. it was applied on plum cultures in AGRO BRIO farm from rep. Moldova on a surface of 10.8 hectares against the pest Grapholitha funebrana TR. In the plum orchard, there were performed 6 launches with T. embryophagum. During the development of two generations of the plum moth (G. funebrana), it was determined the dynamics of pest eggs laying and there were constructed digital maps of the spatial distribution of eggs of G. funebrana Tr. in the field, as well as the biological efficacy of T. embryophagum. which varied from 66.6% up to 75.0%. During the 2002 to 2009 years on apple culture the T. embryophagum average efficacy in field after 4-6 treatments varied in the first variant from 74 to 90%, in the second though efficacy varied from 60 to 81%
PARAMETERS AND STATE VARIABLES OF WOLF POPULATION (CANIS LUPUS L.) FROM THE SOUTH SIDE OF FĂGĂRAŞ MOUNTAINS
ION ROMICĂ MANDU(1), MARIN FALCĂ(2)
Researches on wolf population from the South side of Făgăraş Mountains – Argeş County were done from 1996 till 2006, in order to establish its state parameters (individual numbers, density of individuals, age structure, sex ratio) and also its state variables (natality and mortality). The dynamic of individual numbers from 1996, the first year of researches, till 2006, the last year of researches, was as follows: Voievoda: 2-2; Şeţu: 1-1; Portăreasa: 2-3; Huluba: 0-2; Frăcea: 2-2; Dobreiaşu: 0-2; Leaota: 2-3; Făgeţel: 2-4; Valea lui Coman: 2-3. There were a total number of 13 individuals in 1996 and 22 in 2006. In some areas, an increasing number of individuals was realised between 1996 and 2006: Portăreasa = 1; Huluba = 2; Dobreiaşu = 2; Leaota =1; Făgeţel = 2; Valea lui Coman = 1; there were no increase, no decrease in numbers in the remaining areas. As an average, in all areas, rate of mortality was 0.35%, and this figure was mainly because of endogene factors. As age structure is taking into account, only one area (Valea lui Coman), had pyramid base, represented by juveniles, numerically higher than that of adults, which means, theoretically, that respective subpopulation was most viable than other all wolf subpopulations.
SPECIES OF INSECT AND FUNGAL PATHOGENS CAUSING LEAF DAMAGE ON EUROPEAN BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.)
IOAN ANDREI MANEA(1), CONSTANTIN CIORNEI(2), ROXANA ELENA VOICU(3), LUCIAN TOIU(1)
In Romania still are natural beech forest with high productive potential and resistance to biotic factors action. However climatic factors (severe drought of 1999 - 2004, 2007 – 2008 and 2011 - 2012 especially in central and eastern regions) have released the recent European beech decline in Romania. This phenomenon has generally occurred in old (>100 years), (almost) pure, and high productive stands, situated especially on plain sites with excessive clayey soils or on slopes with shallow or sandy soils. At the same time, in many stands, silvicultural operations (release cutting, cleaning, thinning), were not applied in time, therefore have been installed many different harmful species on beech. At the beech leaves, attacks were reported from the following species: Insects: Mikiola fagi Htg., Fagocyba cruenta Herrich-Schaeffer., Phyllonorycter maestingella Zll., Phyllocnistis unipunctella Steph. end Diurnea fagella Denis et Schiff. Mites: Aceria nervisequa faginea Nal. end Aceria nervisequa nervisequa Nal. Fungi: Apiognomonia fagi West.
STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AT SCHOLAR AGE
MARIA PRISECARU(1), NARCISA ROXANA MALIC(2), TINA OANA CRISTEA(3), IONUŢ STOICA(1), MARIA CĂLIN(3)
The study was conducted on a sample of 160 students from secondary schools: "Nicolae Balcescu" from Nicolae Balcescu and "Martin Benedict" in the village Galbeni, Bacau. The individuals were measured and weighed during February-April 2014, and calculates BMI were found varying degrees of health risks due to the surplus or deficit of body weight.
THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME PLANT SPECIES TO ATTACK OF BLACK BEAN APHID
MARIA CĂLIN(1), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), SILVICA AMBARUS(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), MARIA PRISECARU(2), GEORGE FLORIN ŞOVA(1)
The attack comes in May on spinach and lovage, in June on climbing bean and continues until the seeds maturity of this species. The aphid attack in spinach ranges between 2.5 - 15.2%. The intensity of attack was higher in second decade of May - 30.9%. The degree of attack was under 1.8%. The frequency of aphid attacks in lovage was higher in conventional agriculture, ranging between 0.1 % and 12.5%. In the Jun and July the F% was the highest - 15.2%. Climatic conditions (summer rains rushed), parasites and predators from colonies of aphids decreased the intensity of pests attack from 15.6% to 0.2%. In organic agriculture the frequency of aphid attack was less, ranging 0.1% and 8.1%. The intensity of aphid attack was lower (0.1 - 12.5%) comparing with the conventional agriculture attack, due to the higher number of parasites and predators from aphid colonies. The aphid attack in climbing bean began in second decade of June, and the frequency of attack was 0.2 %. From the end of July to August it had reached 3.2%. The intensity of the attack in climbing bean was also low, ranging between 0.1 and 6.9%. The intensity, frequency and degree of aphid attack were very high on the weeds. The Chenopodium album had the highest frequency, intensity and degree of aphid attack. Cirsium arvense had a lower intensity a degree of aphid attack. Cicorium intybus had the lowest aphid infestation.
USING EUROPEAN FISH INDEX (EFI++) IN ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF BISTRITA RIVER
IONUŢ STOICA, KLAUS WERNER BATTES, MARIA PRISECARU
Water pollution plus Bistrita River and crossing the river had a major negative impact on communities of aquatic organisms, particularly on fish communities. Sampling of biological material from sampling points and data processing have led to results on the overall environmental condition of the river Bistrita. Rich in species abundance and gives an indication of the specific degree of impairment of human impact aquatic ecosystems. By applying synthetic ecological indexes such as IBI and EFI +, put out both the level of damage in each sampling and classification of each river section in a given fishing zone.
COMPARATIVE RESEARCHES ON THE STRUCTURE OF EPIGEAN FAUNA IN TWO TYPES OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEM AT POIANA SARATA, BACAU COUNTY, ROMANIA
ROXANA ELENA VOICU, CAMELIA URECHE
Researches regarding epigean invertebrates’ communities were carried out in the year 2011 in two types of natural ecosystem from Poiana Sarata (Bacau County, Romania): deciduous forest, and meadow hay. The first one is located on the left bank of the river Halos and the second one is on the right bank of it. This paper aims to assess the taxonomic structure of both habitats in ecological context. The biological material was sampled regularly during 2011, by using Barber traps, from the different types of sampling sites: from the middle part of the slope and from the base of the slope in deciduous forest, and from different distance from the river in the meadow hay. An amount of 8484 invertebrate individuals belonging to 8 classes and 17 orders was sampled in both ecosystems, with an unequal numerical distribution: 5702 individuals in deciduous forest and 2782 individuals in the meadow hay. Insect class is dominant in all of the sampling sites. Analyzing the biological material we found that in the deciduous forest, in the middle part of the slope, the dominant insect order is Coleoptera (54.48%), while at the base of the slope, the dominant insect order is Hymenoptera (48.48%), followed by Coleoptera (43.69%). In the two types of sampling sites in the meadow hay we found that Hymenoptera and Coleoptera are dominants and the Carabidae family is by far the best represented. We also found that the number of individuals increases with the distance from the river. Although a decade ago the anthropogenic influences were much stronger in the study area, the large number of taxa identified in 2011 together with the quantitative data indicates a balanced structure of the epigean fauna.
VARIABILITY STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS WITH DIAGNOSTIC VALUE IN WOMEN WITH HYPERTENSION
MARIA PRISECARU, IONUŢ STOICA
There were investigated 30 women with a diagnosis of hypertension. These subjects were studied biochemical response of the heart, aiming biochemical indicators of diagnostic value: triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, creatinine, troponin T, lactat dehydrogenase, aminotransferase (SGOT, SGPT) and creatine that cause changes to the circulatory system and increased blood pressure. The subjects investigated were grouped by gender and three age categories: 36-50 years, 51-65 years and over 65 years. Age category most affected, in our case, is over 50 years old and between 51-65 and over 65, confirming other studies that claim incidence and severity of hypertension is lower in women before menopause. With menopause, women are no longer protected by their hormones estrogen. However, lifestyle changes, hypertension association with physical inactivity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, stress, contraceptive use, lower the age at which you can install and increase the risk of coronary arterial hypertension.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE EPIGEAN INVERTEBRATES COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOREST AND AGROSYSTEM
CAMELIA URECHE, ROXANA ELENA VOICU
Researches regarding epigean invertebrates communities were carried out in two stages (July 2010 and July 2011) in three types of forest from Valea Uzului, Bacău County (beech and hornbeam, oak and beech, pine plantation) and a maize crop placed nearby Perchiu hill reserve, Bacău County. The aim of the present study is the assessment of the quantitative as well as the qualitative structure of the invertebrate communities in the epigean fauna, and also to highlight the representative taxa and the trophic categories characteristic for each type of ecosystems. The biological material was sampled regularly, in the same period of each of the two years (2010, 2011) by using Barber traps. An amount of 411 invertebrate individuals belonging to 9 classes and 14 orders was sampled in all of the three types of forest, with an unequal numerical distribution: 327 individuals in the first type of forest (beech and hornbeam), 53 individuals in the second type of forest (oak and hornbeam) and 61 individuals in pine plantation. Insect class is dominant in all of the sampling sites. In all of the three types of forest we found that the most of insects belong to coleopterans (79.83%). Ten families of coleopterans were identified, with the dominance of Carabidae (63.33%), followed by Silphidae (13.89%). Other coleopterans families have recorded lower values of dominance. In the maize crop agrosystem the insect class is also dominant and it is represented by six insect orders. Obviously, the beetles families are dominants. Within coleopterans, Carabidae family is by far the dominant (83.96%). From the point of view of the food regime we found that in all of the three types of forest, as well as in the maize crop agrosystem, the predators are dominant and they are followed by the phytophagous species.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE FISH COMMUNITIES IN BAHNA, TOPOLNITA, AND BLAHNITA (DANUBE TRIBUTARIES, ROMANIA)
DOREL URECHE, CAMELIA URECHE
The study was carried out in three of the Danube tributaries in 2007. The aim of the study was to assess the state of fish communities in this area, and also to highlight significant aspects regarding the fish communities, such as biodiversity, stocks, and biological integrity. The biological material was sampled by electrofishing from 10 sampling sites. The biodiversity is quite high, during the study period, 37 fish species being identified, with an amount of 2722 individuals and 35716.6 g. Only one of the 37 fish species is non-native (Pseudorasbora parva) while the rest of 36 fish species are native. The species frequency ranges between 90% and 10%. The chub has recorded the highest value of the frequency (90%) and it is followed by the Mediterranean barbell (60%) and then by bleak and Rhodeus amarus (50%). We found that the numerical stock in sampling sites ranged between 0.19 and 178.67 ind./100 m2, the highest value being recorded by the Mediterranean barbell, while the weight stock ranged between 0.46 and 2012.89 g/100 m2, the highest value being recorded by the chub.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON HERPETOFAUNA BIODIVERSITY OF WETLANDS AROUND BUCHAREST
NICOLAE CRĂCIUN(1), CONSTANTIN TURMAC(2)
The study was carried out in 16 stations which were set to cover the entire range of existing habitats in the Lake Snagov, in 2011. The aim of the study was to assess the state of herpetofauna in this area relative to the reference data. During the field trips 17 species of amphibians and reptiles were identified. Part of fauna species listed in the reference data were not identified in ANPL Snagov, but there were observed some new species previously unknown. It was not reconfirmed the presence of three species in the area. Other 11 new species that were not known before living in the perimeter of Lake Snagov were reported.
NEW RESEARCHES REGARDING ICHTHYOFAUNA AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON FISH COMMUNITIES FROM LAKE SNAGOV
NICOLAE CRĂCIUN(1), CONSTANTIN TURMAC(2)
The study was carried out in 6 stations placed in the Lake Snagov, in 2011-2013. The aim of the study was to assess the state of ichthyofauna in this area relative to the reference data. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Snagov ichthyofauna was made. During the fieldwork for the study of fish fauna, preliminary results indicate the presence of 19 species of fish in Snagov natural protected area. Comparing the present situation with the one from 1999-2001 period we observed a drastically reduction of fish populations and even the disappearing of some fish species, especially the ones that were used for industrial purposes.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ORNITHOFAUNA BIODIVERSITY OF TERRESTRIAL, FOREST AND AQUATIC HABITATS FROM “SNAGOV FOREST” AND “SNAGOV LAKE” RESERVATIONS
NICOLAE CRĂCIUN(1), CONSTANTIN TURMAC(2)
The aim of the study was to assess the actual distribution of birds fauna from wetland Snagov and forest Snagov region. Inventory methods used were: linear paths rating (transect method), and the method of fixed points. During the field trips 104 bird species were identified.