Volume 18, No. 1 (2017)
Articles
POLYETHYLENEIMINE (PEI) ON SILICA AS CATALYST IN KNOEVENAGEL AND MICHAEL REACTIONS
FATIHA ZAOUI(1,2*), DIDIER VILLEMIN(3), NATHALIE BAR(3), MOHAMED A. DIDI(2*)
After the synthesis of polyethylenimine supported on silica, it has been used as a new and efficient catalyst in Knoevenagel and Michael condensations. The presence of the polyethylenimine in the catalytic system together with silica displays an acido-basic character allows a better catalytic activity in the condensations. Carried out under microwave irradiation, without organic solvent and during short time, the syntheses are respectful towards green chemistry. The solid catalyst can be easily reused. This catalyst has the acido-basic character at the same time.
EFFECT OF OZONATION PROCESS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF κ-CARRAGEENAN
AJI PRASETYANINGRUM(1*), BAKTI JOS(1), RATNAWATI RATNAWATI(1)
κ-Carrageenan is a sulfated galactan extracted from red algae (Rhodophyceae) which has many functions. However, nonfood applications of κ-carrageenan have been limited by its superior gelling and viscosity properties. The effect of ozonation on physicochemical and rheological properties of κ-carrageenan solution at different pH was investigated. κ-Carrageenan solution was prepared in the ratio of 1:100 (w/v) and was treated with dissolved ozone with concentration of 80±2 ppm. This ozonation was conducted at different times and pH. The viscosity of ozone-treated κ-carrageenan solution was analyzed using Brookfield viscometer and the sulfate content was determined using FT-IR spectra and barium chloride-gelatin method. The results show that the viscosity of ozone-treated κ-carrageenan decreases appreciably with time. The highest percentage reduction in viscosity occurs at pH 3, followed by pH 7 and 10. The FT-IR spectra reveals that the chemical structure of degraded κ-carrageenan, in term of sulfate content, is only slightly affected by the ozone treatment.
QUALITY EVALUATION OF BISCUIT INCORPORATED WITH MANDARIN PEEL POWDER
PRAVIN OJHA(1*), SANITA THAPA(2)
The current research is aimed to utilize mandarin peel in biscuits baking. Chemical composition showed that peel had high contents of ash, crude fiber; whereas low protein and carbohydrate content compared to wheat flour. Mandarin peel powder (MPP) was used in production of semi-sweet hard dough biscuits by replacing wheat flour by 3, 6 and 9 % to ensure the quality and acceptability of the biscuit. Baking increased the thickness of biscuit, whereas width and spread ratio of biscuits decreased with increasing levels of MPP. Biscuits were subjected for sensory evaluation. Biscuits formulated with 6 % MPP were comparable to control biscuits. The content of fiber, ash, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, polyphenol and antioxidant activity was found to be 0.85 %, 1.32 %, 1.5 mg / 100 g, 69 µg∙g-1, 2150 µg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) / g and 24.5 % respectively which were significantly higher than that of control biscuit.
OPTIMISATION OF A HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR CATECHOLAMINES AND RELATED MOLECULES ANALYSIS
RALUCA-IOANA CHIRITA-TAMPU(1,2*), ADRIANA FINARU(1), CLAIRE ELFAKIR(2)
A simple and specific method for the analysis of 11 compounds (catecholamines, their precursors and their metabolites) has been developed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Adrenaline, noradrenalin, dopamine, serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine, 3-methoxytyramine, tryptophan, homovanillic acid, tyrosine, 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzylalanine (as internal standard) were separated on a TSK gel amide 80 column. The influence of parameters such as organic modifier type and content, salt nature and concentration, pH as well as column temperature on the selectivity were investigated. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a 20 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution buffered at pH 3 and acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) mixture.
RAPID METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF METALLIC MOBILE FRACTION FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE SAMPLES
NICOLETA M. MARIN(1,2*), GABRIELA G. VASILE(1), MARIUS SIMION(1), LUOANA F. PASCU(1), CAROL B. LEHR(1)
This study presents a modified extraction method for evaluation of mobile fraction from sewage sludge samples. The mobile content of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn was detected using three different single chemical extraction procedures and also the leaching test according to SR EN ISO 12457-2/2003 standard. The experimental data show that the optimal extraction method was the one with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), CaCl2 and triethanolamine (TEA) and a modified ratio solid: solution = 1 : 10 (mass per volume). The selected method provides a better assessment of the ability of metals to leach from sewage sludge during storage than leaching test method.
OSMOTIC PRESSURE INFLUENCE ON THE VEGETABLE CHIPS DEHYDRATION PROCESS
LILIANA I. MIHALCEA, IULIA I. BLEOANCĂ, CĂTĂLINA M. MIHAI, DANIELA D. BORDA*
The low fruit and vegetable consumption identified by the World Health Organization is a significant factor for adverse health consequences, like obesity and noncommunicable diseases. In the worldwide effort of boosting fruit and vegetable consumption to at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day (5-A-Day), healthy, mildly sweet and salty dried crunchy vegetable snacks can add up increasing attractiveness of vegetables among youngsters. The objectives of this research were to obtain sweet and salty dried parsnip snacks, pretreated with concentrated whey (CW) and concentrated hydrolyzed whey (HW), to study the influence of osmotic pressure and temperature (45, 55 and 65 °C) on the convective drying process and to estimate the kinetic parameters (diffusion coefficients, activation energy) of parsnip drying. Nonlinear regression models were applied to estimate the drying parameters based on Henderson - Pabis equations. Results have shown that the activation energy required during drying by the chips treated with HW (23.89 kJ·mol-1) and CW (20.06 kJ·mol-1) is lower than in the reference sample (31.02 kJ·mol-1). Moreover, these represents a smart valorization of a by product from dairy industry rich in valuable minerals, proteins and sugars in the veggie industry.
STUDY OF THE THERMAL CRACKING DURING THE VACUUM DISTILLATION OF ATMOSPHERIC RESIDUE OF CRUDE OIL
JAOUAD ELAYANE(*), RAHMA BCHITOU, AHMED BOUHAOUSS
This article concerns the study of the thermal cracking as undesirable phenomenon in the vacuum distillation of atmospheric residue of crude oil. In this point, we have sought to identify and characterize the effect of the increase in the temperature of vacuum distillation on the separation and the modification of the constituents of atmospheric residue of crude oil whose origin is Arabian Light. This study has been carried out by several techniques of analysis such as the density (ASTM D4052), distillation (ASTM D1160), determination of heavy metals nickel and vanadium (IFP9422), dosing of Conradson Carbon (ASTM D189), dosing of asphaltenes (ASTM D2549) and dosage of PCI (polycyclic aromatics) (ASTM D 5186). The results showed a clear idea on the decomposition of the atmospheric residue and their influence on the performance of the vacuum distillation unit.
APPLICATION OF THE HACCP METHOD IN THE SWINE ABATTOIR BY SCALDING-SKINNING ECOLOGICAL PROCESSING APPLICATION DE LA METHODE HACCP DANS L’ABATTOIR PORCIN PAR LE PROCESSUS ECOLOGIQUE D’ÉCHAUDAGE-DÉPEÇAGE
IULIAN SUCEVEANU(1), IRINA-CLAUDIA ALEXA(2), LUMINITA GROSU(2), OANA-IRINA PATRICIU(2), IRINA IFRIM(2), MIRELA SUCEVEANU(2*)
In the food industry development, the food safety and the valorization of by-products represent important aspects. The present study consists in the application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) method in pig slaughterhouses for scalding-skinning technology in order to ensure the conformity of meat quality and the by-products management and recycling. In order to optimize the scalding-skinning process of swine, all the classical technological steps of the technological processes were analyzed separately and globally, with the adaptation of the HACCP method for the new technology. The result of this study shows that the implementation of the new technology that combines existing technologies has many advantages from both an economic and a technological point of view. At the same time the new technology ensures food safety by taking account of the application of the food safety system, respectively, HACCP method.
MODELLING OF KINETICS OF FLUORINE ADSORPTION ONTO MODIFIED DIATOMITE
VEACESLAV ZELENTSOV(*), TATIANA DATSKO
The paper presents kinetics modelling of adsorption of fluorine onto modified diatomite, its fundamental characteristics and mathematical derivations. Three models of defluoridation kinetics were used to fit the experimental results on adsorption fluorine onto diatomite: the pseudo-first order model Lagergren, the pseudo-second order model G. McKay and H.S. Ho and intraparticle diffusion model of W.J. Weber and J.C. Morris. Kinetics studies revealed that the adsorption of fluorine followed second-order rate model, complimented by intraparticle diffusion kinetics. The adsorption mechanism of fluorine involved three stages – external surface adsorption, intraparticle diffusion and the stage of equilibrium.
A GREEN CHEMICAL APPROACH OF CORN STARCH MODIFICATION FOR INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN ADSORPTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
ANA MARIA ROŞU(1*), CRISTINA GABRIELA GRIGORAŞ(1), CATHERINE RAFIN(2), ETIENNE VEIGNIE(2)
The aim of research is to achieve chemical modifications of corn starch. Therefore, the present study focuses on its chemical modifications, in order to increase its aqueous solubility and to ameliorate its adsorption properties for one hydrophobic pollutant, belonging to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), as a model. Starch chemical modifications are realized by alkylation reactions using ether (propylene oxide) or ester (succinic anhydride) alkyl agents. Starches obtained are characterized by 1H NMR technique in order to verify the alkylation procedure. Water solubility of the obtained product was determined and its capacity to adsorb the considered model pollutant was studied. According to the registered results, starch modification with succinic anhydride conducts to an aqueous solubility of 34.00 g·L-1, significantly increased in comparison with the solubility of native corn starch which is insoluble in water at room temperature. With this modified starch, promising results for BaP aqueous solubilisation were obtained.