Volume 29, No. 1 (2020)
Articles
THE EFFECT OF THE POSTHARVEST APPLICATION OF FITOMAG TECHNOLOGY ON APPLE QUALITY
ALEXANDRU NICUŢĂ
The purpose of the research was to evaluate the mechanism of action of the preparation ‘Fitomag’ in the postharvest period on the maturation-senescence processes of the fruits of the most widespread cultivars of apples ( ‘Idared’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Florina’, and ‘Reinette Simirenko’), cultivated under pedoclimatic conditions in the Republic of Moldova. Several parameters have been studied, some of which (titratable acidity, firmness, weight loss, the amount of healthy fruits) are presented in this article. Fruits were collected in harvesting maturity and treated with 1-MCP at the recommended dose (‘Fitomag’, 0.44 g·m-3). Apples were stored for five months at the temperature of 1°C and humidity 85–90%. As a result of treating the fruits with the Fitomag preparation, the processes of biodegradation of the biochemical compounds have slowed down, the fruits have retained their firmness, aroma, crispiness, juiciness and reduced the degree of fungal diseases and physiological disorders. Research has shown that postharvest use of Fitomag treatments is promising for maintaining fruit quality and can compete with the method of storage under controlled atmosphere.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESTORATION OF HERBACEOUS VEGETATION IN SOME AREAS IN BACĂU END HARGHITA COUNTY
MILIAN GURĂU
Three plant associations are presented, from different areas whose structure restored significantly, after the cessation of the anthropo-zoogenic pressure, without the need for specific actions. The association Calthetum laetae- Ligularietum sibiricae N. Ştefan 2007, from Lunca de Sus, is mainly spared from the anthropogenic pressure, but the vegetation series in the area can cause it to have an uncertain future; we believe that there are also natural possibilities for maintenance available. The Dicanthietum ischaemi association from an area of hills has quickly regained its right to populate the biotopes which it is best adapted to cover. The association of Thymo panonici- Chrysopogonetum grylii from an upper terrace of the Siret surprises by its very presence.
AN AHP EXERCISE TO IDENTIFY THE MOST VALUABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES OF RED AND ROSÉ WINE FOR HUŞI VINEYARD
DIANA ELENA VIZITIU(1), ELENA-COCUŢA BUCIUMEANU(1), LUCIAN DINCĂ(2), ANA-MARIA RADOMIR(1)
In order to identify and rank the most important grapevine varieties for red and rosé wine of Huşi vineyard, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method has been used. Knowing that the vocation of Huşi vineyard is the culture of the grapevine varieties for white wine, the result of the AHP application was expected to give a scientific contribution to the viticultural market, in order to extend the growing area of some varieties, based on subjective criteria. Seven grapevine varieties (Burgund mare, Fetească neagră, Băbească neagră, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Busuioacă de Bohotin) and seventeen quantitative and qualitative criteria have been used in the AHP exercise. The analyses were carried out using the Expert Choice Desktop software package. According to the results, Busuioacă de Bohotin and Fetească neagră (considered autochthonous varieties), and Burgund mare (with high quantities of produced grapes), were selected as the most important grapevine varieties for red and rosé wine in this aria.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST SOILS FROM SIBIU COUNTY
LUCIAN DINCĂ
Forest soils from a certain geographic area can be studied based on the soil analyses realized during forest management activities. As such, based on the values of the main chemical parameters for the 1392 pedo-genetic horizons from the 10 forest districts from Sibiu County, relevant conclusions were obtained and statistically ensured regarding their characteristics. The main soils from Sibiu County are luvisol, eutric cambisol and dystric cambisol. Entic podzol and dystric cambisol are strongly acid and oligomesobasic, while eutric cambisol, luvisol and preluvisol are moderately acid and phaeozem is neutral and eubasic. All soils form this area have a high total cationic exchange capacity and are well supplied with nitrogen and humus, having a superior reliability for the forest vegetation.
THE DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE ASFAC BCO-4 BIOSTIMULATOR, MESSIS BOR FERTILIZER, AND EFUSIO ADJUVANT ON LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM L.
MARIANA CALARA(1), IOAN VIOREL RATI(2), DUMITRA RADUCANU(2), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1)
Improper or excessive use of fertilizers can even contaminate the aquifer through the phenomenon of leaching, so the optimal alternative for agriculture is the use of foliar fertilizers. The agricultural sector must not be a source of environmental pollution, which is why we need innovative products with low toxicity that are environmentally friendly. The objective of this paper was to test an ASFAC BCO-4 biostimulator, MESSIS BOR fertilizer and EFUSIO adjuvant on 3 tomato varieties: Crystal, Oxheart, and Bacuni. The results showed that in all the variants tested, the products used did not have a significant impact on the size of the leaf mass, but had an impact on the inflorescences in all cases analyzed.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF BEAN PHENOLOGYCAL AND PHISIOLOGYCAL PARAMETERS TO DETECT VALUABLE TRAITS FOR BREEDING
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, CREOLA BREZEANU, SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ, ALEXANDRU BUTE, MARIA CĂLIN, MARIANA CALARA
The paper presents the results of a study of a collection of 30 bean resources grown in open field conditions. The bean resources were characterized in terms of germination rate, flowering, pod development, pathogen resistance, yield components, soluble solids, dry matter, mineral and water content. The first step of investigation allows us to select the valuable genetic material in terms of earliness, productivity, quality, tolerance/ resistance to pest and pathogens.
ASS. FESTUCO RUBRAE - AGROSTIETUM CAPILLARIS HORV. 1951 SUBAS. AVENULETOSUM PLANICULMIS NOM. NOV. IN THE MEADOWS NEAR THE SOURCES OF THE OITUZ AND TROTUŞ RIVERS
MILIAN GURĂU
This article analyses natural and seminatural meadows containing Avenula planiculmis falling within the Festuco rubrae - Agrostietum capillari Association, Horv. 1951 subas. avenuletosum planiculmis subass. nov.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME BIOFERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTION OF CUCUMBER SEEDS IN ECOLOGICAL FARMING SYSTEM
SEBASTIAN-PETRU MUSCALU(1), NECULAI MUNTEANU(2), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), MARIANA CALARA(1), ALEXANDRU BUTE(1)
The paper presents preliminary experimental results of the influence of seven ecological fertilizers on the cucumber seeds yield in ecological farming system conditions. The experiment took place in 2019 and the biological material was represented by Mapamond cucumber variety, developed at the Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacău, approved in 2006. The experimental device included seven fertilizers: Funres, Blocks, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, Rom-Agrobiofertil NP, Cropmax, by comparison with control variant (untreated). Investigations related to yield components were registered. Rom-Agrobiofertil NP and Cropmax variants exhibit the strongest influence on the seed yield. The highest quantities of cucumber seeds were obtained in the variants treated with Rom-Agrobiofertil NP (V6) - 318 kg ha-1 and Cropmax (V7) - 239 kg ha-1. The study demonstrates the suitability of Mapamond variety to ecological cultivation and also the influence of ecological fertilizers on cucumber seed yield.
MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO YIELD AND FRUIT’S QUALITY OF SOME SQUASH LINES (CUCURBITA SPP.)
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ, CREOLA BREZEANU, ALEXANDRU BUTE
The studies were performed at SCDL BACAU, on a field collection which included a number of 20 varieties, lines and local populations of Cucurbita pepo. Following the improvement works carried out, three of the most stable and homogeneous lines were promoted in the selection field, in comparative and competitive cultures. Validation of the results is sustained by morphological and physiological characterization of selected lines.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME COVER MATERIALS ON THE CHLOROPHYLL AND ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT OF SWEET PEPPER PROTECTED CROPS
MARIA CALIN(1), ANGELA DOROGAN(2), CARPUS EFTALEA(2), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), GABRIEL ALIN IOSOB(1), PETRU SEBASTIAN MUSCALU(1), MARIANA CALARA(1), ALEXANDRU BUTE(1), MARIA PRISECARU(3)
The experiments were carried out at the Vegetable Research - Development Station Bacau in protected and opeen field crops of pepper – Dariana Bac variety. The study of optical absorption in the 653 nm and 931 nm wavelengths (close to infrared) showed different values of chlorophyll content (CCI) indices, depending on climatic conditions and pepper coating materials. Pepper plants in laboratory conditions, in the sun or in the shade, require artificial lighting, because the chlorophyll content decrease at 9.6-9.7 CCI. The highest chlorophyll content had the pepper plants covered with green textiles (variants 5 and 6), 10.8 CCI, at the sun or in the shade. On the 2nd place was the variant 7 - Plants in shading conditions with black textiles, in the sun with 10.5 CCI. It followed by V8 Plants in shading conditions with black textiles, in the shade with 10.3 CCI. Plants in greenhouse conditions, in the sun and in the shade had the same chlorophyll content, 10.0 CCI. The study of the optical absorption in the 530 nm and 931 nm wavelengths revealed different values of the anthocyanin content indices (ACI), related to the climatic conditions and the cover materials of the pepper crops. The pepper plants in laboratory conditions, in the sun or in the shade, require artificial lighting, because the anthocyanin content being the lowest 3.7-3.8 ACI. The highest anthocyanin content was found in pepper plants covered with black textiles (variants 7 and 8), 4.4 ACI, both in the sun and in the shade. On the 2nd place were the variants 5 and 6 ith 4.1 - 4.5 ACI. Plants in shading conditions with green textiles, in the sun and in the shade had 4.3 ACI. Control variants 9 and 10 (Plants in field conditions, in sun and shade - control) had 10.1 anthocyanin content index. In greenhouse conditions, in the sun and in the shade, the pepper plants had a content of 4.0 ACI.
STUDIES REGARDING THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE CITOGENETIC ASPECTS AND THE APLICATION OF STRESS FACTORS OVER THE TISSUES CULTIVATED “IN VITRO” AT TOMATOES
TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), GABRIEL ALIN IOSOB(1), MARIA PRISECARU(2)
Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill) is an important member of the Solanaceaefamily due to its spread cultivation worldwide. The tomato is a diploid plant with 2n=2x=24 chromosomes. The tomato genome has been implemented to be used as a model for theSolanaceae family because of its short production period, simple diploid genetic structure, small genome size and the availability of both molecular breeding methodologiesand a wide diversity of genetic resources [2]. Due to its high food value the consumers request and the producers interesates is continuously increasing.In the same time, tomatoes production is affected by different types of stresses by both biotic and abiotic stress. Among biotic stress tomatoes are affected by intensive diseases caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria and also nematodes. The abiotic stresses, namely environmental stresses pose a tremendous pressure on the growth and production of crops [9]. Among them, the most agressive one are salinity of soil, high temperature and draught. Its vulnerability to insect and pest attacks is one of the factor causing the expand of production costs. Now-a-days the climatic changes dramatically increase the impact of all these biotic and abiotic stresses over the effectiveness of tomatoes production, which led to an intensification of plant molecular and in vitro breeding focused on the improvement ofstress tolerance of crops. The objective of this study was to asses the impact of salt stress over the citogenetics of tomatoes plants cultivated in vitro on media suplimented with different concentration of NaCland KCl(100, 200, 300 mM).
STUDY OF VARIABILITY ON MAIN QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS IN ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEM
ALEXANDRU BUTE, MARIANA CALARA, CRINA-ANDREEA ANTAL, ANA MARIA NECHITA, NELLY-LILI FÎNARU, MARIA CĂLIN
This is a study of quantitative characters for the Auria Bacăului climbing garden bean variety and is based on the scientific results obtained in the field. This paper aims to study the variability of quantitative characters and establish its limits of variability of a variety of climbing garden beans, namely Auria Bacăului. In order to achieve these objectives, other intermediate analyzes were necessary, such as the analysis and knowledge of the variety of climbing garden beans, but also the realization of a synthesis of the research carried so far in order to maximize the cultivation systems. Climbing bean crops are widespread in Romania, but the cultivated areas are relatively small, in gardens and in micro-farms. The cultivation of climbing beans does not have the appropriate suitability to be mechanized, for this reason its practice on large areas in the industrial system has not developed to the extent of the proper use of its production capacity. The results of the experiment are clearly interpreted on the basis of statistical indices, tables and histograms of variation, paying close attention to the interpretation of the results.
RESEARCH ON THE PRESERVATION STATUS OF THE 6430 HABITAT (HYDROPHILOUS TALL HERB FRINGE COMMUNITIES OF PLAINS AND OF THE MONTANE TO ALPINE LEVEL) IN THE NATURA 2000 ROSCI0047 NEMIRA PEAK SITE
DIANA ELENA MAFTEI(1), DANIEL IOAN MAFTEI(2)
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities are characterized by tall species, extremely diverse in floristics and structure. This type of habitat lies along water streams on the outskirts of the habitat, on both water banks. The areas represented by abandoned moist meadows and the wide communities of Helianthus tuberosus and Impatiens glandulifera were not taken into account.
INCREASE – INTELLIGENT COLLECTIONS OF FOOD LEGUMES GENETIC RESOURCES FOR EUROPEAN AGROFOOD SYSTEMS - PROJECT OVERVIEW
CREOLA BREZEANU(1), ROBERTO PAPA(2), ELENA BITTIOCHI(2), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), SILVICA AMBARUS(1), MARIANA CALARA(1), ALEXANDRU BUTE(1)
The general objective is to enhance the management and use of Genetic Resources on food legumes, which are crucial for sustainability, food security and human health. The project will expand the utilisation of food legumes genetic resources targeting users’ needs in terms of accessibility, quality and quantity of information available. INCREASE, working with four important food legumes (chickpea, common bean, lentil, lupin) with significant value for the innovation of EU agriculture and food industry, will be based on four pillars: (i) innovative data management solutions to develop gold standards for data sharing and integration into the central infrastructure; (ii) developing novel tools and principles for germplasm management, based on the development of “Intelligent Collections”; (iii) adoption of cutting-edge technologies for genotyping and phenotyping combined with the potential of Artificial Intelligence; (iv) integration of available data and available genetic resources for European users. INCREASE will strengthen Europe in the field of legumes genetic resources and simultaneously it will represent an important model and tool for all crop genetic resources
HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND VEGETABLES IN THREE REGIONS FROM ROMANIA: A REVIEW
GABRIEL-ALIN IOSOB, ALEXANDRU BUTE, MARIANA CALARA, ANDREEA ANTAL TREMURICI, CARMINA MIHAELA BENCHEA, DANIELA BOURUC, DAN-IOAN AVASILOAIEI, SEBASTIAN-PETRU MUSCALU
Heavy metal soil pollution is an important global environmental problem for many ecosystems. Romania is a country rich in mineral resources and has a long history in the field of mineral exploitation. Thus, the pollution with heavy metals of agricultural soils is a major environmental problem that can affect food quality and human health. Heavy metal contamination of vegetables is a problem that can lead to toxicity and disease in humans and animals due to their nutritional importance. The high level of soil contamination with heavy metals is dangerous because vegetables absorb and accumulate metallic elements in different tissues. In Romania, there are different sources of heavy metals contamination, especially from anthropogenic activities. The study’s results from the last ten years show that both, the soil and the vegetables are affected by this type of pollution. Vegetables grown for consumption in Romania are sometimes contaminated with heavy metals, and this is associated with health problems that occur in the communities from those areas. This paper reviews the soil contents in heavy metals from three regions of Romania (Crişana, Transylvania, and Moldova). Therefore, the consumption of vegetables in areas affected by heavy metal pollution should be limited, and it is also necessary to regularly monitor areas where heavy metal pollution problems are identified.
SALVIA.OFFICINALIS.L. AND MELISSA.OFFICINALIS.L. - VALUABLE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
ANA - MARIA RADOMIR
Salvia officinalis (sage) and Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) are perennial plants that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. They are native to Middle East, Mediterranean areas and southern Europe, but today have been naturalized throughout the world. In traditional medicine, sage and lemon balm has use for a variety of ailments including depression, anxiety, insomnia, migraines, vertigo, dyspepsia,..bronchitis,..asthma,..menstrual..problems, coughs,..fever,..hypertension, hyperglycemia, ulcers, diarrhea, rheumatism, inflammation, gout, insect bites/stings, and skin infections. In recent years, due to the increased interest towards herbal-based treatments, many research studies have been conducted to document the traditional uses of Salvia officinalis and Melissa officinalis and to find new biological effects for these plants. Present review highlights the pharmacological properties of sage and lemon balm (antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, spasmolytic, digestive and cytotoxic effects) and present the.bioactive compounds.responsible for.the therapeutic effects of these plants.