Volume 30, No. 1 (2021)
Articles
INTENSITY OF THE APPLES RESPIRATION PROCESS DEPENDING ON THE STORAGE TECHNOLOGY APPLIED
ALEXANDRU NICUŢĂ, NICOLAE BUJOREANU, ION HAREA
This article presents data on the influence of applied storage technology on the intensity of the respiration process of apples. The process of respiration is an indicator of the intensity of ripening and biodegradation of plastics substances in fruits. The intensity of the respiration process in the fruits treated with the ‘Fitomag’ preparation was significantly slowed down during the storage period, which made it possible to trigger the respiratory peak for a later period compared to the fruits in the control variant. At the time of discharge from storage, the fruits treated with the ‘Fitomag’ preparation were highlighted by freshness, high structotextural firmness and low degree of damage with fungal diseases and physiological disorders.
RECORDS OF PRIMULA SPECIES PRESERVED IN “ALEXANDRU BELDIE” HERBARIUM
IOANA MARIA PLEŞCA, BOGDAN-IONUŢ PLEŞCA, LUCIAN CONSTANTIN DINCĂ
Primula Genus is represented within “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium by 30 different taxa (21 species and 9 intraspecific units) kept in very good conditions, with some of them included even on the Red List of superior plants from Romania. The purpose of this present paper was to understand the present situation of the Primula L. genus, as well as to create a short description of its main species. The analyzed material was composed of 180 vouchers harvested between 1844-1982, mostly from Romania. The collection was developed by both experts as well as exchanges with specialized national and international institutions.
ASSOCIATION AEGOPODIO PODAGRARIAE-ALNETUM GLUTINOSAE KARPATI ET JURKO 1961 WITH VITIS SILVESTRIS FROM BISTRIŢA RIVER MEADOW
MILIAN GURĂU
This informative note brings to attention the existence of a very old specimen of wild vine, with a diameter at the wood tissue of 15 cm (the circumference with bark is 50-52 cm), which we consider secular and which can set a record.
QUALITY ESTIMATION OF EUROPEAN BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.) SEEDS FROM THE EASTERN EUROPE
DINA ELISOVETCAIA(1), RAISA IVANOVA(1), IACHIM GUMENIUC(2), VICTOR SFECLA(2), ALEXANDRU CHETREAN(2)
European beech Fagus sylvatica in the Republic of Moldova is located on the eastern border of its range. Therefore, the ongoing climatic changes may negatively affect its populations and ecology. The search for genetic material that is resistant to high temperatures and drought increases the chances of beech seedlings surviving in new climatic conditions. One of the most important characteristics of plant seed quality is the determination of their viability. The aim this study was to assess the quality of beech seeds obtained from various beech growing areas, differing in height above sea level, age of trees and forest stand. The tetrazolium and hydrogen peroxide tests were used as methods for quick and effective evaluation of viability of Fagus sylvatica seeds. The direct correlation between both methods by Pearson's coefficient (0.6859) was established. The highest percentage of viable seeds harvested in 2020 was in batches from Suceava (Romania), “Plaiul Fagului” and “Codrii” (Republic of Moldova). The rate of viable seeds from the named locations ranged from 68.3 to 76.7% for hydrogen peroxide test and from 84.0 to 92.0% for tetrazolium test. The smallest proportion of viable seeds among those examined was found in batches from Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia (Ukraine) and Hirjauca, (Republic of Moldova); 50.7-63.0% and 66.0-78.0%, for hydrogen peroxide and tetrazolium tests, respectively. It should be noted that there was no direct relationship between the percentage of viable seeds in both the tetrazolium and hydrogen peroxide tests and their weight (Pearson's coefficients were -0.1078 and 0.2871). At the same time, it was found that the high content of empty and infected seeds was detected in the batches of beech seeds collected from Ukraine.
THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS WITHIN TESTING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCY PROCESS, IN SATU MARE COUNTY, ROMANIA
CIPRIAN TUDOR, CRISTINEL CONSTANDACHE, LUCIAN DINCĂ
Due to the fact that Romania has many relief forms, an temperate climate and an varied hydrological regime,it hosts a whole series of forest habitats that have a great tendency to expand and that include a rich flora distributed on various altitudinal plant belt, as well as a complex fauna. The updated Forestry Code (Law 46/2008 calls into question certain features and definitions of wood products, but also of non-wood forest products, both sources being renewable and of great economic interest. The present article highlights the importance of non-wood forest products from Satu Mare County, Romania, and their actual contribution in the socio-economic segment of the market.By using the analytic hierarcy process (AHP) designed by Thomas Saaty, it was established a hierarcy of each non-wood forest products, using a scale of eight absolute numbers from 1 to 8 which showed the intensity of the importance, divided on 19 criteria. The intensity is established by the number of alternatives attributed to the product, based on judgements made by 3 experts. For this study, it was analyzed 4 categories of NWFPs distributed in the Satu Mare county, such as: mushrooms, tree products, understorey plants and animal origin. Statistical data was analyzed by using the Expert Choice Desktop software, which brings the sensivity of each species described and their actual importance for each criterion. The main categories of non-wood forest products analysed were: mushrooms, tree products, understorey plants and animal origin. Most of the good alternatives with strong or extreme importance were attributed for the criteria containing the activities such as harvesting, distribution range, market demand and the portofolio of derived products. As weak points, it can be mentioned that some of the products are exposed to the harmful factors or perishability manifested in the time of collecting or transport.NWFPs have an important contribution in human wellbeing and healthy. According to FAO, several million households from worldwide are depending on NWFPs. The AHP brings good results in the decision making process and could help the managers/stakeholders, to find the best way for producing the income and benefits for the new companies. Based on the pairwise comparison made by the experts, the managers can focus on the strong points and also to put them into balance with weak points.
FORESTS WITH PINE TREES (TAXUS BACCATA) AND YEW (PINUS SYLVESTRIS) FROM OITUZ PRIVATE FOREST DISTRICT
MILIAN GURĂU
Taxus baccata is sporadically present in some forest plots covered with a mixture of softwood and beech trees andis protected as a natural monument. Pinus silvestris continues to form semi-natural forests of relatively restrained areas. These forests require special attention given that they are located on very steep slopes and the soil is reduced and stony.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PLANT EXTRACTS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN THE PROTECTION OF SEEDLINGS OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. FROM POWDERY MILDEW
ALLA GLADCAIA, TUDOR NASTAS, DANIIL GAVLITSKY
In order to produce organic products, we conducted research on the properties of herbal extracts based on Rheum officinale Baill. (Polygonaceae) and Azadirachta indica Juss. (Meleaceae). The purpose of the work was to determine the possibility of using bioactive substances of plant extracts as a means of protecting the seedlings of Cucumis sativus L. from powdery mildew. We studied microscopically, powdery mildew pathogens Golovinomyces cichoracearum (de Candolle) Heluta, (Ascomycetes) identified on cucumbers and created a suspension for artificial infection. Extracts of R. officinale roots and leaves exhibited immunostimulating, fungicidal and phytostimulating types of activity. We found that the biological effectiveness of rhubarb root extract (73,3-86,7%) and neem extract (93,3-100%) does not depend on the time between treatment and infection, but increases in direct proportion to the concentration. It was found that, under greenhouse conditions, the biological effectiveness of the neem extract (100%) and the composition of rhubarb root and leaf extracts (86,7-100%) when treated 4 hours before the seedlings were infected, was maximum. Rhubarb leaf extract is antiseptic and has no immunostimulating properties. Bioactive substances of plant extracts had an active phytostimulating effect on plants of Cucumis sativus seedlings. The composition V6 (1% R + 0,5% L) showed the maximum phytostimulating effect, which significantly increased plant growth by 34,5% and increased the number of flowers by 89,6% in comparison with the control variant. Extracts represent a worthy alternative for synthetic plant growth regulators due to their environmental friendliness, ease of use, effectiveness and safety.
STUDY ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE SPECIES GALANTHUS NIVALIS IN THE NATURA 2000 ROSCI0327 NEMIRA - LAPOŞ SITE
DIANA ELENA MAFTEI(1), DANIEL IOAN MAFTEI(2)
The snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) belongs to the Kingdom Plantae, Division Tracheophyta, Class Magnoliopsida, Order Astragales, Family Amaryllidaceae. It is part of the commune interest plant species under the Natura 2000 code 1866. Our scientific study displays the presence within the site of a plant species that is included in the Habitats Directive Annex V B, and GEO 57 updated in the Annex V A, and not a part of the Standard Form of the Natura 2000 ROSCI0327 Nemira – Lapoş site.
PLANT EXTRACTS IN CROP PEST CONTROL
ALLA GLADCAIA, LIDIA GAVRILITA
Natural pesticides are less harmful, biodegradable, less toxic to the non-target organism, and also economical. In order to produce organic products, studies were carried out on the properties of herbal extracts based on Rheum officinale Baill. (Polygonaceae) and Azadirachta indica Juss. (Meleaceae). The aim of the work was the determination of the possibility of using plant extracts as pest control agents. The neem extract exhibited the maximum insecticidal activity, almost completely suppressing the hatching of Sitotroga cerealella adults (the pest mortality was 99,7%) and reducing the infection of Cucumis sativus L seedlings with spider mites by 82,4%. The biological effectiveness of the rhubarb root extract (75,3%) in controlling the infection of C. sativus seedlings with a spider mite was determined. It was found that rhubarb root extract almost halved the hatching of S. cerealella adults, compared with the control. The use of such plant protection products will reduce the number of chemical treatments, and hence the residual amount of pesticides in organic agricultural products.
THE WEST PLAIN – A PHYSIO-GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISATION BASED ON DATA FROM FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANS
CRISTIANA MARCU(1), LUCIAN CONSTANTIN DINCĂ(2)
The study of a vast territory can be analyzed based on data from specialty studies and from forest management plans; data from forest management plans characterize the area covered by forests and are extremely detailed for small surfaces of only a few hectares. The present paper has used such data, namely from the forest management plans of all national forests located in the West Plain. According to the data, field configuration is 83% plain, and only 13% undulated; the average altitude is of 100 m, while the total surface of km2 is represented by agricultural fields (90%), with only 4% as forest fund.
ASSESSMENT AND RANKING THE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES FOR WINE CULTIVATED IN ODOBEŞTI VINEYARD BY AN ANALYTICAL HIERARCHICAL PROCESS
DIANA ELENA VIZITIU(1), ELENA-COCUŢA BUCIUMEANU(1), LUCIAN DINCĂ(2), IONELA-DANIELA SĂRDĂRESCU(1)
The aim of the work was the application of the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for assessing and ranking seven grapevine varieties (V. vinifera L.) of wine grown in Odobeşti vineyard (Galbenă de Odobeşti, Fetească albă, Fetească regală, Aligoté, Sauvignon, Riesling italian, and Alicante Bouschet), taking into consideration the tradition of the zone. AHP is one of the most used multicriteria decision making tool. It can provide an average position of a decision of variants and criteria visualization for entering in a hierarchy. In the AHP exercise, 16 criteria having a high degree of generality, with a scale of 7 levels each have been used. Among these criteria were included: the request on the market, knowledge for recognition, and biotic and abiotic threats that can influence the crop. The analyses were obtained using the Expert Choice Desktop software (v. 11.5.1683). According to the results, the grapevine varieties selected with the highest potential for Odobeşti vineyard were Galbenă de Odobeşti, Aligoté and Fetească albă. These three varieties are zoned for the Odobeşti vineyard and capitalize very well the pedoclimatic characteristics of this grapevine growing area. Knowing that Odobeşti is one the oldest vineyards in the country and currently it is profiled on white wines production, especially, the study can contribute to the establisment of a durable viticulture, production of quality wines and a more reliable future of this viticultural area.
PLANT PESTS AND DISEASES IN SOME VEGETABLES CULTURES FROM VEGETABELE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION FROM BACAU
TINA OANA CRISTEA, GABRIEL-ALIN IOSOB, ALEXANDRU BUTE, DAN-IOAN AVASILOAIEI, DANIELA BOURUC
It is well known that in every agrobiocenosis, there are a number of pest species, called key pests due to their considerable ability to multiply, making frequent chemical treatments necessary. In addition to these key pests, vegetable crops also have secondary pests (which can cause damage in certain years and in some areas), potential pests (which do not cause significant damage but can become significant due to improper application of control methods) and migratory species from other crops but which may cause damage to vegetables. In order to establish the most appropriate measures to prevent infections and combat diseases and pests from vegetable cultures a screening of plant pests and diseases in vegetable crops from VRDS Bacau was accomplished. A special importance was given to determine the causes that lead to diseases and the appearance of pests to cultivated plants. Pest identification and the establishment of the complex of harmful species in a given culture serve to make reconnaissance maps in any software, as well as to determine pest species, parasites and predators, with important implications for an innovative technical system.