Volume 30, No. 2 (2024)

ADAPTIVE OVERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION PROTECTION SCHEME COORDINATION IN THE PRESENCE OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

TITUS OLUWASUJI AJEWOLE(1), OLUWASEYE ADETUNJI ADELEYE(*1), AMINAT OLAWUMI ABDUL-LATEEF(2)

Recent advances in the development of distributed generation (DG) technology have resulted in increased DG penetration into distribution networks. The comparative cost advantage of its installation over grid expansion far outweighs its disadvantages. However, DG penetration introduces a lot of protection issues as a result of variation in the network short circuit current and bidirectional flow of current that, if not properly coordinated, causes maloperation of overcurrent relay protection scheme. This paper presents a novel adaptive protection scheme coordination system that uses artificial neural network (ANN) to coordinate the operations of the main and the backup relays. The proposed method determines the time settings multipliers (TMS) and the plug settings multipliers (PSM) based on the network's prevailing condition and communicates the new settings to microprocessor-based relays via optic fiber by using remote terminal unit to update the settings. The proposed scheme was applied to the IEEE 33-bus distribution network considering two different scenarios: with and without DG penetration. NEPLAN software was used to generate different fault currents required for the ANN training. Obtained simulation results show that the proposed adaptive protection scheme coordination significantly improves the protection scheme coordination with or without DG penetration.

ASSESSING THE STATIC OF SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION ON THE BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES: A MECHANO-FIABILISTIC APPROACH

KAMEL BEZIH(*1), MOHAMED DJENANE(1,2), MOHAMED LAOUCHE(3)

Assuring the lifespan and safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is essential, given the potential risks of malfunctions such as premature failure. To meet this challenge and construct durable, cost-effective structures, consideration of soil-structure interaction and inclusion of soil resistance elements in mechanical evaluations are critical. This study uses a numerical model based on the finite element method to examine the impact of inherent non-linearities in the soil on the performance of a three-span RC beam. The numerical study highlights the crucial role of soil geotechnical parameters. It clarifies the complex static non-linear effects that result from the interaction of the soil and the structure. The work also introduces a mechano-fiabilistic method, emphasizing how soil behavior in traditional RC structure designs is unexpected and non-linear. The sensitivity of structural safety to changes in soil parameters is revealed by integrating static modeling of the soil-structure interaction into the mechanical model of a continuous beam. This study emphasizes how important it is to incorporate soil-structure interaction into RC structure designs for precise, dependable, and economical results.

TRIP GENERATION MODELING OF ILORIN CITY, NIGERIA, USING GIS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

OREOLUWA BIALA (1*), OLUFIKAYO ADERINLEWO(1), CHRISTAIN SONJA(1), OLUWASEGUN TITILOYE(1), MICHAEL OJEKUNLE(1)

Ilorin's traffic situation, while not as severe as larger cities like Lagos, Ibadan, and Port-Harcourt, is showing signs of bottlenecks and congestion. Travel demand modeling is important for effective transportation planning. This study develops Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trip generation (production and attraction) models using household and trip characteristics, population data, and maps of the base year (2022). The models had high accuracy values of 0.999873850524 and 0.999999999903 with low error values of 0.058 and 0.0000000419 for trip production and attraction respectively. The models were then used to foresee trip production and attraction for the horizon year (2032).

GEOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTINUOUS SANDSTONE CONCRETE BASED ON ECOLOGICAL CEMENT WITH A KIMBUNGU BASALT SUBSTITUTION

ERIC KISONGA MANUKU(1,2), GUY BONGWELE ONANGA(1,2), PARICIAN UUCHI UMIRAMBE(1,2,3), DORCAS MASAKA NKUELO(1,4), DADDY ILITO LOFONGO(1,2), MATHIEU MATONDO MBUNGU(1,2), PHILY KANGUNZA MUFUANKOL(1,2), JUNIOR LUTETE SAVU(1,2), FRANÇOIS MBUINGA BONGO(1,2), PITSHOU BIOKO DIMONEKENE(5), NENITA BUKALO NTUMBA(1,5), HOLY HOLENU MANGENDA(1,2*), DOMINIQUE WETSHONDO OSOMBA(1,2)

Concrete is a geo-material highly used throughout the world. It is made up of granules, cement, and water. It is a composite material of which aggregates are coated by hydrated cement that plays a binder role. The current production of cement factories is estimated to 4.2 billion of tons a year [1]. Its production results in CO2 emissions. Referring to yearly produced cement quantity, it is obvious that it poses the environmental pollution. A previous study emphasized the possibility of creating composite cement of 75 % clinker, and 25% basalt [2]. Throughout this study, we discovered that the strength of this cement-based concrete is slightly lower than 2 days, but 28 days and 90 days higher than the control concrete composed of the same materials as the current Portland cement.

BEHAVIOUR OF OIL PALM BROOM FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

KOTUN MUSTAPHA OLANREWAJU(1*)

Fiber reinforced concrete was developed by incorporating discrete fibers into the concrete mass to combat the brittle reaction of concrete. The durability of natural fibers such as oil palm broom was established through an experimental investigation in which the fiber was treated to an alkalization-related treatment procedure. The research is based on the investigation of the use of Oil Palm Broom Fibres (OPBF) in structural concrete to enhance the mechanical characteristics of concrete. The OPBF were subjected to an alkali treatment with the use of sodium hydroxide of 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10% with removal times of 1 hr, 2 hrs, 8 hrs and 24 hrs respectively. The flexural strength of OPBF concrete was determined after 28 days where the treated fibres were included in fresh concrete mix. The discrete OPBF of 75 mm length were washed and dried in open air and randomly included in the concrete at 0.3 % of the volume of the beam size 100 x 100 x 600 mm with mix ratio of 1:2:4 and water-cement ratio of 0.55 to assess the suitability and durability of the fibre in concrete. It was observed that the rate of water absorption of the treated fibres increase compared to untreated fibres and the treated OPBF with lkalization improves the flexural strength of concrete beam at a concentration of 6 % NaOH for a duration of 1hr and the SEM images of OPBF cross section shows dispersed cavities. The OPBF is appropriate for use in concrete as a brief discrete fibre reinforcement for low cost construction.