This paper is a review of the literature in recent years that focuses on the the most relevant pest and disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Chickpea is a remarkable legume crop and has become an integral part of a sustainable production system. Chickpea cultivation plays a pivotal role in innovative sustainable models of agro-ecosystems inserted in crop rotation for soil improvement and the reduction of chemical inputs. Damage by insect pests and disease-causing pathogens are considered as the most significant factors leading to low yield in chickpea. Being rich in protein, chickpea plant is vulnerable to a number of insect pests, which attack on roots, foliage and pods.