Volume 2 (2001)
Articles
THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME HYBRIDS PHENOTHIAZINE-2, 3 DIHYDROOXADIAZOLE
GROSU MIRELA(1), FINARU ADRIANA(1), BACU ELENA(2), COUTURE AXEL(3), GRANDCLAUDON PIERRE(3)
The present paper deals with the synthesis of some hybrid molecules, phenothiazine – nitrogen containing heterocycles, linked through a carbon chain, in order to assess their pharmaceutical action towards 5-HT receivers.
ON REACTIVITY OF LIME AGAINST GASEOUS SULFUR DIOXIDE
SZÉP ALEXANDRU(1)., MIHAILA GH.(2), BUSUIOC ALINA-MARIA(1)
The present paper deals with a systematic investigation of the lime reactivity against sulfur dioxide. All experiments were performed thermogravimetrically under isothermal conditions, within a temperature range of 998- 1300 K on samples of lime with main diameters of granules between 0.04 and 1.425 mm. The content of active calcium oxide against hydrochloric acid was between 94.3-96.8 %. The graphical method applied for processing the experimental data in coordinates specific to the Avraami-Erofeev-Kolmogorov’s equation go the following mathematical model (presented in the paper).
ETUDE PAR SPECTROCHIMIE DE LTNTERACTION D'UN EXTRACTANT ORGANOPHOSPHORE "TOPO" AVEC LE CUIVRE (II)
AZZOUZ ABDELKRIM *, DIDI MOHAMED-AMINE
RÉSUMÉ: Ce travail consiste a etudier l'interaction de l'oxyde de trioctyle phosphine (TOPO) avec le cuivre (II) et de determiner par spectroscopie la nature des complexes formes, ainsi que le mecanisme d'extraction des cations cuivre (II) par ce compose organophosphore.
THE SYNTHESIS OF l-N-BENZYL-4-SUBSTITUTED PHENACYL BENZOTRIAZOLIUM YLIDES
MIRON DORU NECULAI*, SURPATEANU GHEORGHE**, MARDARE IRINEL*, DRON PAUL IONUŢ*
The work presents the synthesis of the benzyl-phenacyl-benzotriazolium ylides and a theoretical study on the reactivity of those ylides. In order to modelate the process we considered the benzyl-phenacyl-benzotriazolium ylides and we evaluated their reactivity.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE TAUTOMERE l-N-BENZYL-4-SUBSTITUTED-PHENACYL MONOSUBSTITUTED CARBANION CYCLOIMMONIUM YLIDES
MIRON DORU NECULAI*, SURPATEANU GHEORGHE**, MARDARE IRINEL*, DRON PAUL IONUŢ*
The work presents the theoretical study on the reactivity of the benzyl-phenacyl monosubstituted benzotriazolium ylides. As theoretical methods for investigation we used the MM3 method (for molecular mechanics), AMI and PM3 (semi empirical methods for quantic mechanics). In order to modelate the process we considered the diphenacyl-benzotriazolium ylides and we evaluated their reactivity.
SEPARATION OF NICKEL, ALUMINUM AND MAGNESIUM FROM SPENT STEAM REFORMING CATALYSTS USING ION EXCHANGE RESINS
GAVRILĂ LUCIAN*, ISTRATI LĂCRĂMIOARA*, CONSTANTIN MARIA-MAGDALENA*, SIMION ANDREI*, IVASCAN ŞTEFAN**
The paper presents the possibilities of nickel, aluminum and magnesium separation from acid solutions that are obtained from spent steam-reforming catalysts treated with sulfuric acid. Flow sheets for obtaining electroplating nickel sulfate, aluminum sulfate (alum) and industrial magnesium chloride are established.
PURIFYING NICKEL SULFATE SOLUTIONS BY ION EXCHANGE
GAVRILĂ LUCIAN*, ISTRATI LĂCRĂMIOARA*, CONSTANTIN MARIA-MAGDALENA*, SIMION ANDREI*, IVASCAN ŞTEFAN**
The paper presents the possibilities of purifying nickel sulfate solutions resulted at the acid leaching of spent steam reforming catalysts, in order to obtain electroplating grade NiSO4. The role of chelating ion exchange resins in the retention of aluminum, iron, calcium and magnesium is emphasized. A flow sheet for manufacturing purified nickel sulfate solutions is established.
ALGORITHM AND COMPUTER PROGRAME FOR THE TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSIONING OF THE AGITATED FILM EVAPORATORS
SIMION ANDREI, DRON PAUL IONUŢ
The improvement of the apparatus used to obtain certain high quality products in food industry, cased by the development of the synthesis processes in the last few years, brought about the working out of calculations more and more complex as far as their technological dimensioning is concerned. One of these is the agitated film evaporator, which, due to its performances, has gained more and more ground lately. The purpose of thy present work is to offer calculating program of the main technological dimensions realized according to a mathematical model that takes into account the physical proprieties of the mixture that undergoes the evaporation in order to simplify the dimensioning work of these apparatus.
ALGORITHM AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSIONING OF PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
SIMION ANDREI, DRON PAUL IONUŢ
The improvement of the apparatus used to obtain certain high quality products in food industry, cased by the development of the synthesis processes in the past years, brought about the working out of calculations more and more complex as far as their technological dimensioning is concerned. One of these is the plate heat exchanger which, due to its performances, has gained more and more ground lately. The purpose of thy present work is to offer calculating program of the main technological dimensions realized according to a mathematical model which takes into account the maintaining of the two fluids speed within 0.3-0.8m/s on the bases of the known calculus formulae.
SPECTROCOLORIMETRIC METHODS FOR YOGHURT LACTIC FERMENTATION PROCESS CONTROL
POPESCU MIRCEA IOAN, TURBATU CRISTINA, VLAICU IOANA, RISSDORFER MIHAI, MELITA LARISA, ANGHEL RODICA
In food industry, an important role is played by product quality determination. A quick method of quality determination is suggested: the spectrocolorimetric method. This method has been tested for many products in food industry: milk, wine, flour, beer, meat products, etc. The method suggested for the study of the fermentation process of yoghurt consists of the following steps: classical physical and chemical analysis; acquisition and storing of spectrocolorimetric data; determination of CIELAB'76 color parameters; correlation of color and physico-chemical properties. Spectrophotometric measurements and color parameters calculations were performed with a HunterLab MiniScan™ Plus XE spectrocolorimeter supplied by S.C. ROMEGATEST S.R.L. Bucharest, importer and sole distributor of HunterLab USA in Romania.
BACTERIAL STARTER CULTURES INVOLVED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YOGHURT
ALEXA IRINA-CLAUDIA
The overall effect of the starter culture used in the manufacture of many dairy products is due to the presence and action of more than one species of bacteria. The lactobacilli are often used in mixed species starter cultures along with other species such as Streptococcus thermophilus.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING CALCIUM CHLORIDE ADDITION'S INFLUENCE UPON FERMENTATIVE PROCESS OF THE DOUGH FOR "HALF-WHITE BREAD" ASSORTMENT
CIOBANU DOMNICA, LEONTE MIHAI, DABIJA ADRIANA
The investigations were achieved for the determination of the potassium chloride addition's influence into dough composition in the half-white bread assortment case. It was used an experimental program conceiving in the turning back centered system by second degree having four independent variables: temperature, calcium chloride, water content and sodium chloride. The fermentation process was observed by the acidity and deformation degrees, the independent variables. When the addition of calcium chloride is 4+5%, and which is joined by sodium chloride quantity of 2+3%, that could ensure an optimum development for the process, if the water addition to the dough obtaining is 30+40%, at maximum 40°C temperature.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES CONCERNING FERMENTATION & MATURATION PROCESSES OF THE BEER'S QUALITY
DABIJA ADRIANA
The experiments have as goal the influence of the yeast beer quantity used in wort beer's insemination upon the beer quality - as finished product. For the fermentation of the wort beer, it isn't suggested the yeast dose's increment, the optimum dose experimentally established in the laboratory conditions being of 0.6 ml yeast /100 ml wort beer.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING COLLOIDAL STABILITY'S IMPROVEMENT OF THE BEER USING ADSORPTION METHODS
DABIJA ADRIANA
So as to ascertain a higher stability until 6÷12 months, it is necessary that breweries to perform the colloidal stability of the beer. The work shows the own researches upon colloidal stability's improvement by the two stabilizing substances' addition bentonite and silicagel into the beer as finished product. Also, it was observed the influence of those substances upon the beer's sensorial features.
APPLICATION OF HACCP METHODS TO THE BAKERY YEAST'S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
DABIJA ADRIANA
In the future, food manufactures that wish to export their products will be required to use HACCP in their quality assurance procedures as a condition of the importing country. The European Union is the process of inspecting and licensing all countries that export food products to member States to ensure that they have quality management and inspection systems that fully comply with those applied within the European Union.
THE EVOP METHOD'S APPLICATION CONCERNING GROWING MEDIUM'S OPTIMIZATION FOR THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE SPECKS, UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
DABIJA ADRIANA
Every day, the evaluation and optimization become parts of our life, while the technologies have already maximilized, because the raw resources become lowly and world needs increase on. A maximilized growing medium for bakery yeast multiplication really means an insurance of the bread manufacturing's future.
KINETICS OF BISPHENOL-A DEGRADATION IN WATER BY UV/H2O2
SIMINICEANU ILIE, NEAMŢU MARIANA
Aqueous solution containing 0.52 mmol L-1 bisphenol-A (BPA) and various doses of hydrogen peroxide, prepared from pure substances, have been irradiated with a UV low-pressure mercury lamp immersed in a batch cylindrical photoreactor, at constant temperature. The BPA concentrations have been followed with time by a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a Diode Array Detector (DAD). After 20 minutes of irradiation the conversion of BPA was only 16.54% with no hydrogen peroxide but as high as 98.13% with 0.4907 mmol L-1 H2O2 added. These results have shown the synergetic effects of H2O2 plus UV light on the degradation of BPA in water. A number of samples have been analysed in order to determine the degradation products vs. irradiation time. Three main primary products have been identified: phenol (PH), 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (DHB), and 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ). Using a simple kinetic model, the apparent first-order constant has been derived from the experimental curves, at 298 K.
PURIFICATION OF AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF ACRYLONITRILE WITH RECOVERY OF CYANHYDRINES
JUMANCA VALERIU, CONSTANTIN MARIA-MAGDALENA, ALEXA IRINA-CLAUDIA
The present paper presents a process of purification of residual waters coming from the manufacture of acrylonitrile with recovery of cyanhydrines. This process consists in separating cyanhydrines in a watery concentrate through superheat-expansion-condensation and alkaline split, respectively, in sodium cyanide and in carbonylic constituent. Carbonylic constituent is successively separated by steamed dragging in order to avoid some methods of minor importance.
THE INFLUENCE OF H2S04 ADDITION ON COLOUR INDEX AND OF OXYGEN CHEMICAL CONSUMPTION COMING FROM SULPHATE CELLULOSE FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
IFRIM IRINA, CIOBANU DOMNICA
Alkalilignin made up in the scaling process is responsible for the colour of residual solutions resulting from sulphate cellulose fabrication technology. The present paper deals with the precipitation of alkalilignin in residual solutions by means of sulphuric acid. The experimental approach has taken into account the technological origin of residual solutions. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative determinations have been done for an accurate assessement of the composition of residual solutions gathered after washing cellulose.
I. TREATMENT OF THE BLEACH-PLANT EFFLUENTS WITH MEMBRANE FILTRATION AND SORPTION TECHNIQUES
NISTOR DENISA(1), ISTRATI LĂCRĂMIOARA(1), HARJA MARIA (2)
Laboratory experiments have been run with the combination of ultrafiltration (UF) and sorption techniques/reverse osmosis (RO). The ultrafiltration of three different total bleachery effluentsshowed a COD removal od 55-60% and AOX removal of 65-75%. The decrease in toxicity was about 50% and the removal of substances with a bioaccumulation potential was arround 90%. It is not meaningful to make a cost estimation before these combinations have been studied for longer periods, on larger scales and with a with range of effluents. The problem of the final destruction of the polluants which have been removed remains to be solved.
THE RECOVERY OF THE USED CATALYST RESULTING FROM THE SULFURIC ACID FACTORIES I. CHOOSING A TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION
ISTRATI LĂCRĂMIOARA(1), GAVRILĂ LUCIAN(1), BALASANIAN ION(2), HARJA MARIA (3), NISTOR DENISA(1)
The paperwork presents the research done for finding a solution for vanadium recovery from the used catalyst in H2SO4 manufacturing, by contact method and its re-introduction in the economic circuit During the research made there have been tested and compared more extraction methods. It has been chosen as current method the proceeding that uses water as extraction agent, considering the satisfactory yield of about 60% for extraction, the low degree of impurities with elements from the catalyst support, the easiness and the low price of the proceeding. The research made allow the design of a vanadium recovery technology and the proposal of a technological flow that considering further conclusions may undergo transformations concerning the parameters.
THE SUPERIOR RECOVERY OF RESIDUOUS WASTE FROM THE SUGAR INDUSTRY
ISTRATI LĂCRĂMIOARA(1), HARJA MARIA (2), NISTOR DENISA(1)
The paperwork presents possibilities of recovery of waste resulted in the sugar industry. There have been outlined end analyzed the main recoverable waste types resulting in the sugar industry. They are: molasses, saturation mud, decontaminated coal. Technologies of superior recovery have been created for these residuous materials. For molasses, a technological choice has been made, with the following main steps: alcoholic effervescence, distillation, re-distillation and the final outcome is ethylic alcohol with 96% concentration. Concerning the saturation mud, the experiments that have been made allow us to say that it may be used as raw material for obtaining a calcium carbonate for cosmetic usage.
CONTRIBUTIONS CONCERNING THE IMPACT OF THE MINING ACTIVITIES ON THE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE CALIMANI AREA 1. CONTRIBUTIONS CONCERNING ENVIRONMENT QUALITY SETTLEMENT IN THE DISTRICT OF SUCEAVA, WITH RESPECT TO WATERS
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), DIŢOIU VALERIA(2)
The present paper presents the dynamics of the running waters in the district of Suceava over the period 1990-2000. The physical, chemical, and biological analyses yields the reduction of damaged river sections due to industrial production decrease, as well as to the introduction of measures to protect water quality. Mining activities, as well as those involved in the pulp and paper industry, are specific to the district of Suceava, which significantly change the quality of running waters by the emission of worn waters with a high rate of pollution with heavy metals and chemical compounds. This paper presents the quality situation of the river Suceava, upstream the industrial platform ofSuceava and the quality situation of rivulet Neagra Sarului, tributary to the river Bistrita, which is damaged by the sulphur mining of Calimani.
CONTRIBUTIONS CONCERNING THE IMPACT OF THE MINING ACTIVITIES ON THE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE CALIMANI AREA 2. RESEARCH TOWARDS ESTABLISHING ENVIRONMENT QUALITY IN THE DISTRICT OF SUCEAVA, WITH A REFERENCE TO ATMOSPHERE
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), DIŢOIU VALERIA(2)
The authors analyse the quality of Suceava district atmosphere by having in veiw general air pollution with S02, N02, NH3, suspension powders, H2S, sulphate powders. The statistic data of air quality in Suceava district shows that the limits of pulluants was not increased. For S02 and N02 were no problems and the limits for NH3 were only sometimes increased. We analysed the mains ten physical and chemical parameters of rainfall such as: pH, conductivity, acidity/alcalinity, NH4+, N02-, N03-, S042- CI-, Ca2+, durity. We ascertain that rainfall acidity is growing than the last years in all our ten control points, the mains sources of polution are: copper and baritine mines, sulphur exploatation from Calimani, thermal stations with liquid fuel.
CONTRIBUTIONS CONCERNING THE IMPACT OF THE MINING ACTIVITIES ON THE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE CALIMANI AREA 3. THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEAVY METALS RESULTING FROM THE CALIMANI MINE WORKING ON THE QUALITY OF THE FOOD PRODUCTS
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), DIŢOIU VALERIA(2)
This work presents the impact of the heavy metals resulting from the mining activities on the quality of the food products and on the health of the population. Heavy metals resulting from mining activities are the main cause of some serious ecological lack of poise, but also an important source of pollution of food products. This way, the quantities of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc resulting from the mine working Calimani, surpass the accepted concentrations in the superior layers of the soil on a vast specific spreading area for species. As a result of the soil contamination with heavy metals, through the transfer soil - plant - human or soil - plant - animal-human, there is a growth in the concentrations of this metals in the vegetation with direct and indirect obnoxious effects on the population's health.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE UTILISATION OF LIGNOPHENOLIC RESIN FROM SODIUM LIGNOSULPHONATES OF THE SPENT SULPHITE PULPINE LIQUORS TO THE MOULDING TECHNOLOGY
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), TUDOR LIVIA(2)
The lignophenolic resin was utilised as a component of the moulding mixtures. Its influence over the quality of the mixtures was studied. The comparison to novolac was made in order to replace the last one with lignophenolic resin. According to the obtained results, there was estimated the possibility to use the hgnophenolic resin as a great efficacious component of same sorts of moulding mixtures.
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT THROUGH THE LITE CYCLE ANALYSIS AND INCINERATION PROCESS
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), RUSU BRĂNDUŞA (2)
The paper purpose consists in determination of the waste environmental impact in Neamt region. Through the life cycle analysis results a process of the product maturity (of maximum 70 tons), which is continued by market saturation and product decline, in conditions when the product is turned into waste. In the first stage (waste reduction stage) the paper refers to the incineration process application with significant results regarding the evacuated gases (sulphur dioxide, organic carbon, hydrochloric acid).
CONTRIBUTION REGARDING THE STABILITY OF TECHNICAL AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT WHEN USING WASTE FIBER IN PAPER INDUSTRY III. UTILIZATION OF ALL KIND OF WASTEPAPER
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), BULEU ILEANA(2)
The researches that have been done refer to wastepaper and its utilization possibilities. The result of our research have allowed the following consideration as regards the quality and wastepaper utilization and also the implication when it has been provided by a technology that used synthesis polymers.
CONTRIBUTION REGARDING THE STABILITY OF TECHNICAL AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT WHEN USING WASTE FIBER IN PAPER INDUSTRY IV. SOLID REFUSAL POLLUTANTS FROM PAPERMAKING TECHNOLOGY
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), BULEU ILEANA(2)
The research consists in determinations of the toxic chemical composition resulted in the solid waste (sludge type) proceeded from the waste paper processing technology. It was remarked the polluting sludge resulted from the ink elimination in waste paper processing technology, the polluting composition is characterized through the presence of minerals (Pb., Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg). There isn't excluded the presence of the organic compounds, namely chlorphenols.
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TECHNICAL AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE UTILISATION OF THE FIBROUS WASTE IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY III. Ecological thoughts imposed by the utilization of waste paper from the paper industry
CIOBANU DOMNICA(1), BULEU ILEANA(2)
The raw materials used in the fibers based paper production, recycled waste, consist in: recycled paper, water and additives. The environmental impact of the waste processing includes basically water discharges, solid waste production and emissions of air pollutants.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE EMULSIFYING ACTIVITY INDEX AND THE POLYMORPHISM OF THE TRIACYLGLYCERIDES
FLOREA TRAIAN(1), LEONTE MIHAI(2)
Cocoa butter was fractionated in temperature gradient from acetonic 15.20 and 25 % (w/v) solutions. The fractions of sn-l-palmito-2-oleo-3-stearine (palmitooleostearine, POS), which predominate in this fat (34 - 36 %) were separated between 0 and 25°C and were purified through repeated refractionation when there were obtained the a, ß and ß’ polymorphic forms. By emulsification in model water systems with emulsifying agent and colloid of protection for voiumic fractions between 0.05 and 0.4 there was established that the interfacial surface (IS) determined by turbidimetry decrease from ß through ß’ to a in all cases. Because IS is correlated with the emulsifying activity index (EAI) there was admitted that the microcrystalline structure of each polymorphic form can be found in the interfacial orientation degree of the triacylglycerides (TAG). The significative growth of EAI from a to ß coincides with the growth of the thermodynamic stability of those polymorphic forms.