Volume 18 (2010)
Articles
A PHYTOCENOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE ANTHROPIC VEGETATION IN THE BERZUNŢI MOUNTAINS AREA, BACĂU COUNTY
IRINA MĂDĂLINA ARDEI
The study concerning the anthropic vegetation realized in the Berzunţi Mountains area, Bacău County, during 2007-2009, underlined the presence of 8 vegetal ruderal and segetal associations grouped in the following classes: MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA, GALIO-URTICETEA, STELLARIETEA MEDIAE, BIDETETEA TRIPARTITI, 6 orders and 6 alliances.
ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE ORNAMENTAL PLANT PATHIPHYLLUM WALLISII REGEL
RODICA BERCU, MARIUS FĂGĂRAŞ
The article comprises anatomical aspects of the adventitious root, leaf, flower peduncle and bract of one of the most beloved ornamental houseplants in Romania Spathiphyllum wallissi Regel. The plant organs disclose certain features of anatomical interest, in accordance with Araceae family nature. Each tissue has been described and discussed, illustrations included. The anatomical features of the adventitious roots exhibit a primary structure but some specific anatomical aspects occur. The blade possesses a typical homogenous mesophyll. The vascular bundles of the mid vein are well developed with an aleatory arrangement of the vascular bundles. The petiole and flower peduncle stele is composed of numerous vascular bundles, embedded in the ground tissue. Mechanical tissue is poor developed in almost all studied plant organs. In the literature, studies concerning the vegetative organs anatomy of Spathiphyllum wallisii are sporadic and those concerning the flower peduncle and the modified leaf (spathe) almost lack.
MITOTIC ACTIVITY AND INCIDENCE OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AT SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.
TINA OANA CRISTEA, MARIA PRISECARU, MARCELA FĂLTICEANU
The name of the genus, Salvia, is derived from the Latin salvere, to be saved, in reference to the curative properties of the plant, which was in olden times celebrated as a medicinal herb. This name was corrupted popularly to Sauja and Sauge (the French form), in Old English, 'Sawge,' which has become our present-day name of Sage. Sage has a very long history of effective medicinal use and is an important domestic herbal remedy for disorders of the digestive system. The whole herb is antihydrotic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, galactofuge, stimulant, tonic and vasodilator. Externally, it is used to treat insect bites, skin, throat, mouth and gum infections and vaginal discharge. Until now, at Salvia species, few information are available regarding the main cellular indexes like: mitotic index, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase index, the incidence of abnormalities in normal cells, chromosome features and behaviour, phylogenetic of the cultivars, etc. The rate of cell division has been depicted to reflect the rate of increase in size and weight. In addition, good mitotic indexing will generate information available for a better characterization of Salvia officinalis germplasm collections. The study focused toward the determination of the main cellular indexes (mitotic index, prophase index, metaphase index, telophase index and anaphase index) as indicators of growth and development processes speed. In order to have more accurate results, the studies were accomplished in the root meristematic tips on three different plants, originated from Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacău, Romania.
A NEW TRITICALE VARIETY
G. ĐURAŠINOVIC, S. KIKIĆ, D.MANDIĆ, M. NOŽINIĆ
Highly viable, medium-early variety of facultative triticale named Viktor was created by crossing the genetically divergent parents, varieties Jugo and Bogo. This variety created by the Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, has successfully combined the genes responsible for high grain yield potential, good processing quality (raw materials for industry and animal feed), excellent resistance to low temperatures, very good resistance to lodging and plant diseases. Variety Viktor in three-year trials of the Federal Institute of Agriculture, Sarajevo, achieved significantly higher yields than the standard variety Goran, the difference amounted to 655 kg / ha. Variety Viktor is mature 6 days earlier compared to the standard. The average raw protein content in the three-year study at two localities was 11.7%. The new variety of winter BL triticale has a wide adaptability, a satisfactory yield stability, and a good level of tolerance to drought.
A NEW VARIETY OF WINTER WHEAT – A FACTOR OF QUALITY AND YIELD
D. MANDIĆ, S.KIKIĆ, G. ÐURAŠINOVIĆ, SAVIĆ BOJANA
Highly viable, early maturing, excellent technological quality, resistent to lodging, optimal seed size, excellent indirect indicators of quality, good resistance to plant diseases are all characteristics of a new variety of winter crop created by crossing the genetically divergent parents varieties BL 1-94 x Proteinka incured for a new variety of winter wheat under the code name BL 168-2. According to the overall three-year average, the variety BL 168-2 achieved an average yield of 6918 kg/ha which is 479,3 kg or 7,45 % more than the standard variety – Tina. The three-year average of raw protein content was 12,8%, water absorption 59%, energy of dough 100cm2, belongs to B1 quality class. By the trait of resintance to lodging it is at the level of the standard.
STUDIES ON THE CROP YEAR AND THE DENSITY INFLUENCE ON THE THYME PRODUCTION OBTAINED IN ORGANIC CULTURE
CREOLA BREZEANU, PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, SILVICA AMBARUS, FERDINANDO BRANCA
The thyme production obtained is constant from the second to the fifth crop year. In the first year of vegetation, the root reaches 20 cm, it is pivotal and lignified and continues to branch off in the following years. Starting with the third year of vegetation, more stems start to grow from the collet, giving the plant a bush aspect. The stem is 20-50 cm high, thick, erect and the inferior part has a grey suber on it. The shoots have hairs headed downwards and start from the axil of the leaves. The leaves are small, 6-10 mm length, 2-4 mm wide, placed opposite, ovate lance late, hairy on reverse face. The studies conducted on organic thyme allow recommending improved methods and techniques for increasing its culture density to 75 thousand plants/ha, which ensures a significant production growth.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TUBER SIZE ON YIELD AND OTHER PRODUCTIVITY FEATURES OF POTATOS
ZORAN JOVOVIC
This paper presents the results of the two-year study of the impact of the size of the planting material on yield and other productive features of the potato around Niksic (Zupa). The highest yield was obtained in experiments by planting potatoes’ large fraction (> 55 mm) - 32,6 t / ha, while the smallest was measured in plots where a small fraction was planted (28-35 mm) - 23.8 t / ha. All tested fractions of plant material, compared to the fraction 28-35 mm, gave significantly higher yields of tuber. 28-35 mm fraction potatoes gave the largest average tuber (117 g) and differences established in comparison with other variants are marked very important.Number of primary potatoe shoots, as well as their height grew as size of tuber planted increased.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM FOR THE IN SITU CONSERVATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
GABRIELA ROMANCIUC, ANATOL GANEA
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the importance of documentation system for the in situ conservation of Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs). The paper gives information about the international experience in the field of documentation for in situ conservation, and described the most important kinds of information that will increase and make more efficient the process of in situ preservation. The documentation system ReGen developed by Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova regarding in situ conservation consists of six kinds of data: initial data, location – described the condition under which germplasm is collected, sample identity – information concerning the accepted taxonomic name, sampling – consists of information about the maintenance of sample in natural condition, molecular data, gene bank localization – include traditional information for gene bank conservation. Utilization of this information will contribute significantly to the value of plant genetic resources.
STUDIES ON THE CROP YEAR AND THE DENSITY INFLUENCE UPON THE SAGE PRODUCTION OBTAINED IN ORGANIC CULTURE
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, CREOLA BREZEANU, SILVIA AMBĂRUŞ
Extending spicy and aromatic plant cultivation has some advantages, such as: continuous increase of production, the steady gross product, protecting species that are endangered in the spontaneous flora, developing a specialization of forms, which contribute to achieving additional income and better use of working hours throughout the year. Organic farming is a modern method of cultivating plants, of fattening livestock and producing food by using those processes and technologies that are very close to the laws of nature – do not use fertilizers and pesticides synthesis, stimulating and growth regulators, hormones antibiotics and intensive farming systems. Processes and procedures for obtaining organic products are governed by strict rules and principles of production, which are based on the quality of land and the quality of the final product. Sage grown in an organic farming system, obtained the highest production in version of provided a planting density of 65.000 plants/ha. The average yield obtained was 19.5 t/ha, compared with 16.4 t/ha obtained in the variant where the density was 75.000 plants/ha and 16.0 t/ha at a density of 85.000 plants/ha.
NATURE OF INHERITANCE AND HETEROSIS ESTIMATED ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS THAT INFLUENCE THE TOBACCO YIELD
BELUL GIXHARI, HALIT SULOVARI
An eight-parental half-diallel study of oriental tobacco cultivars was conducted to estimate inheritance effects and heterosis types for some morphological quantitative characters that influence the tobacco yield in a genetically diverse oriental tobacco population. The trials were carried out in a randomized block design with three replications, in two different environments, during three years. Plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, days to flower and yield (kg ha -1) were determined.ANOVA analysis revealed the presence of an important variability in the experimental materials. Additive genetic variance appeared to be more important in the inheritance of yield, leaf number and days to flower; while non-additive genetic variance appeared to play a greater role in the inheritance of leaf size and plant height. The nature of inheritance was: partial dominance with direction towards best parent for yield, early parent for days to flower, higher or low parent for leaf number; and: over-dominance, complete dominance and partial dominance with positive and negative direction towards higher or low parent for leaf size and plant height. Average heterosis values were significant for yield, plant height and leaf size, that indicate the presence of non-additive genetic variance. Average heterosis ranged from 2,8% for yield to 4,7% for middle leaf width.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY REGARDING SOME PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC FEATURES OF IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATED AND SEED-BORNE TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL) PLANTS
TINA OANA CRISTEA, MARIA PRISECARU, MARIA CĂLIN
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a major vegetable crop that has a tremendous popularity, being cultivated in almost every country of the world either for fresh market or for processing. Due to its economic worldwide present and future potential of improving the crop through molecular techniques, improvement in the efficiency of regeneration is expected to have a positive impact on transformation results. The present study aimed at the accomplishment of a comparative study regarding the main agronomic features of tomatoes plants regenerated in vitro and seed-grown tomato plants. Morphological, fruit yield and genetic features were compared between the seed-grown and tissue cultured plants of two genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) L24S and L27S in greenhouse conditions at V.R.D.S. Bacau. The results obtained in the present study showed that there were no phenotypic or genetic abnormalities at tissue-cultured plants compared with the seed-borne plants. This study proves that genetic fidelity of tissue cultured plants can be maintained if appropriate plant growth regulators are used with fewer member of subcultures in the multiplication medium.
RUDERAL AND SEGETAL VEGETAL ASSOCIATIONS OF ARTEMISIETEA VULGARIS LOHMEYER ET AL. EX VON ROCHOW 1951 CLASS IN THE BERZUNŢI MOUNTAINS AREA, BACĂU COUNTY
IRINA MĂDĂLINA ARDEI
The study underlines the presence of 10 ruderal and segetal vegetal associations belonging to ARTEMISIETEA VULGARIS Lohmeyer et al. ex von Rochow 1951 class. These vegetal cenotaxa were identified in the Berzunţi Mountains area, Bacău County. All vegetal associations described are accompanied by phytocenological tables, floristic elements, geoelement analyses and graphics.
HE DYNAMICS OF FOLIAR ASSIMILATORY PIGMENT FRACTION OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L. VARIETIES GROWN UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
T NICOLETA BĂDĂLUŢĂ, MARIA MAGDALENA ZAMFIRACHE, ZENOVIA OLTEANU, LĂCRĂMIOARA OPRICĂ, GOGU GHIORGHIŢĂ, IOAN VIOREL RAŢI
The content and the composition of the bioactive compounds in plants depend on family, genus, species, genotype, climatic conditions, soil quality, harvest time etc.. This paper presents the results of a study about biosynthesis and the accumulation of chlorophylls a and b in leaves collected from five varieties of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in dynamic. Our results show an increase in the biosynthetic process of foliar chlorophyll pigments, and the values of the ratio chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b strengthen the description of varieties studied as heliofile varieties.
VALUATION OF SOME GROWTH CHARACTERS IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
AGIM CANKO, SOKRAT JANI, MILTO HYSO
Common bean (white bean) is a major crop in Albania used as a staple for the high protein content. Over last few years the production has significantly declined due to heat and drought stress during the maturity. Since diverse cultivars with various maturities are grown, the effects of stress are differentiated. A better understanding of basics of plant physiology would be helpful in terms of the explanation of physiological internal mechanisms and different yield potential of diverse common bean cultivars. Considering that, three cultivars which represent two different biological types have been tested. Based on the accumulation of the plant dry matter and leaf area during the different developmental stages, some physiological indexes of the growth are calculated. Referring to our data, during the plant cycle Shijak and Cocoblank have similar index of leaf area. But, at the end of life cycle Cocoblank has higher leaf area index. This is due to late growth and erect plant type. Also it has higher yielding ability than Shijak, but the crop yield is lower due to heat stress. Even though both cultivars accumulate similar dry matter, Shijak has a high rate for the distribution of the dry matter. So, it has higher efficiency of the dry matter utilisation. Cocoblank is not longer suitable for growing in the coastal part of Albania, but it can be grown in other regions which have a temperate climate, especially towards the end of maturity.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF CORMOPHYTAE FLORA IN THE BERZUNŢI MOUNTAINS AREA, BACĂU COUNTY (1)
IRINA-MĂDĂLINA ARDEI
The research of Cormophytae flora in the Berzunţi Mountains is part of a comprehensive study which will be presented in extenso in the form of a doctoral thesis, which explains our presenting only a partial botanical study. The research of flora was limited only to the study of Cormophytae. This paper is the first floristical note in a monographical study about the flora and vegetation of Cormophytae in the Berzunţi Mountains, Bacău County. We present the systematical conspect of vascular flora, we make an analysis of bioforms and floristical elements of Cormophytae and also a brief analysis of the species included in the „Red List” of superior plants in Romania.
STUDIES ON THE IN VITRO BEHAVIOR OF THE OVARIES OF BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS
DANIELA NICUŢĂ, GOGU GHIORGHIŢĂ
The study of the in vitro behavior of broccoli ovaries was conducted using as biological material four genotypes, harvested from VRDS Bacau. The response of the ovaries inoculated on 8 nutrititional variants was characterized by two types of reaction: the generation of compact and brittle calli and the emergence of shoots by direct organogenesis. The gynogenetic callus emergence, its consistency, color and regenerative capacity depended on genotype, hormone formula of the nutritional media and size. O the BN and BDN media the ovaries of the BR-312-3 and BR-312-5 genotypes generated green brittle callus, characterized by high caulogenetic capacity. The emergence of shoots directly from the ovaries has been proven on the BDN and BN media, but the phenomenon had reduced intensity. The rooting of shoots was achieved on the MS medium without growth regulators. In vitro plants have been accommodated without problems in the hydroponic culture system.
THE DOSAGE OF THE ASSIMILATORY PIGMENTS IN THE APPLE LEAVES OF VARIOUS SPECIES WITH A PALMETA CROWN
IOAN VIOREL RAŢI, NICOLETA BĂDĂLUŢĂ, DUMITRA RĂDUCANU, EDUARD CIOCHINĂ
The aim of this paper is to present the research results of the dosage of the assimilatory pigments in the apple leaves in the case of various species such as Golden, Idared and Jonathan, which have a “Palmeta” crown with oblique branches during and after the blooming period. After analyzing the results, we noticed an increase of the a , b chlorophylls quantity and carotenoid pigments in the two phases.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS HORMONAL FACTORS ON THE „IN VITRO” ORGANOGENESIS OF BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. CAPITATA
TINA OANA CRISTEA, MARIA PRISECARU, MARIA CĂLIN
The implication of tissue cultures „in vitro” in the conservation of valuable genotypes of Brassica oleracea has a tremendous importance for the breeding activity of this species, due to its increased multiplication outturn, aspect associated with also with the assurance of a high degree of uniformity and conformity of the obtained descendencies. Comparing with the classical methods, the tissue culture “in vitro” presents the following advantages: the process is not limited by the seasonal changes imposed by the succession of seasons, the control of growth regulators is assured, it prevents the manifestation of negative influences determined by the expression of genetic variability in descendencies, the genetic conservation of selected plants is assured for a longer period of time. An extremely important stage for the establishment of an efficient multiplication method “in vitro” is the determination of optimum conditions for the induction, support and development of regenerative processes of cultivated explants. The factors that influence the capacity of regeneration of plants “in vitro” are numerous, but among them, the most important are the exogenous growth regulators. Thus, for the determination of the best hormonal combinations, in the present study the authors tested 8 medium variants, that differ both from the point of view of quantity of hormons and the combinations between them. The results obtained, indicated that the best morphogenetic reaction is obtained on variant with Zeatine as the main growth regulator, the results on this variant being superior comparing with the mediums with BAP.
HISTOANATOMY OF BACOPA CAROLONIANA (WALT.) ROBINS (SCROPHULARIACEAE)
RODICA BERCU
The article is a part of a complex study on the anatomy of aquarium plants and comprises investigation of the root, stem and leaf anatomy of a perennial creeping herb Bacopa caroliniana (Walt.) Robins. The anatomical characteristics of Echinodorus cordifolius vegetative organs has been described and discussed. The root has a typical primary structure. The stem cortex is an aerenchyma and the centrally located vascular system is poor developed related to the cortex. The sessile semi-submersed leaves epidermis possess stomata. The mesophyll is represented by a spongy tissue. In the mesophyll are embedded few poor developed vascular bundles. In the literature a study into the anatomy of this species almost lack, excepting some systematic studies.
VARIABILITY STUDY REGARDING SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF BIOTYPES OF SEA BUCKTHORN PSEUDOFRUITS
NICOLETA BĂDĂLUŢĂ, DANIELA NICUŢĂ
Biometric study was done on six biotypes of sea buckthorn from Romania (three of three of spontaneous vegetation and culture). We have analyzed the morphological features of pseudofruits following: length, diameter and their individual biomass. Observed values were statistically processed. Biotypes Letea 6 (of spontaneous vegetation) and Delta 60M (over the culture) proved superior in pseudofruit size and biomass. Pseudofruit length and diameter are parameters with low variability, and mass presents medium to small variability.
STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF SEADLING AGE, PLANTING TIME AND CULTURE DENSITY ON THE OBTAINED PRODUCTION OF SAVORY (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.)
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, CREOLA BREZEANU, SILVICA AMBARUS
Spicy and aromatic plants constitute a significant natural wealth of our country, their importance being given by their social and economic value, and also by their therapeutic and alimentary role. Food and therapeutic value of spices is determined by great complexity and diversity in biochemical compounds. Despite the huge development of industry of flavors, dyes, etc, plant products are especially popular due mainly lack of toxicity over a long-term use. Worldwide, spicy and aromatic plants enjoy growing attention and are the subject of physicochemical, agro biological and pharmacological extensive research. The organic version with the best results was the one obtained when we planted seedling of 40 days, in decade May 10 to 15, ensuring the planting density of 100.000 plants/ha.
AQUATIC AND WETLANDS MACROPHYTES FLORA FROM DOMS OF SIRET RIVER BASIN
MILIAN GURĂU
For dams like Rogojeşti, Bucecea, Bacău I, Bacău II and Lilieci-Hemeiuş I’v inventorized aquatic and palustre cormophyte species. There is a floristic note with 144 species among where found rare taxa: Ranunculus circinatus Sibth, Cyperus serotinus Rottb, Nuphar lutea( L) Sibth et Sm.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF FIVE CULTIVARS OF LYICOPERSICON ESCULTENTUM DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS IN TWO DIFFERENT CULTURE CYCLES
PETRE MARIN BREZEANU
Tomatoes Lycopersicon esculentum Mill are included in the Solanaceae family. The maturity and quality of tomato fruits are evaluated from different point of views by producers, merchandises and consumers. The last ones appreciate usually the taste, form, weigh and color. The dry soluble mater (SUS) is the most accessible quality indicator – it consists of: soluble glucides (glucose, fructose and sucrose), organic acids, amino acids and mineral substances. The titratable acidity (At) of tomato fruits has a particular importance in taste qualities and this makes it a very important for consumers in establishing tomato quality. The value of the ratio SUS/At is also important. Carotene and lycopene are the most important pigments in tomato flesh. Because of them the fruits become colored. The accumulation of this pigment is important in establishing the right moment of ripening and the commercial quality of tomato fruits. The paper presents the variation of the quality index during the ripening process in two different culture cycles.
TOWARDS SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPECIALISTS IN BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATION SPECIALISTS
NADIA NICOLETA MORĂRAŞU
There has always been a gap between specialists from different fields, a gulf enlarged by some stereotypes, misconceptions and serious misunderstandings that have led to the manifestation of some antagonistic tendencies in their interactions. Our plea throughout this article is in favour of bridging this gap and of developing and strengthening “symbiotic” relationships (based on mutual benefit) between biologists and translators. We know that it is difficult not to take sides and equally promote views of both parties involved, but we trust that we will succeed in contributing to “a better understanding of the nature, challenges and complexity of the whole process of translating” (Gouadec, 2007) specialized texts.