Volume 20, No. 1 (2011)
Articles
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON AGRO-BIOLOGY OF SPECIES PHASEOLUS AUREUS
Creola Brezeanu(1), Teodor Robu(2)
Phaseolus aureus Roxb. was cultivated on much smaller area than the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and it was practically less studied in Romania. Synonymous are: Vigna radiata var. radiate, Phaseolus radiatus, Phaseolus trilobatus and Phaseolus trinervatus. It is also known as the mash bean, Asian bean, mung bean, golden gram and green gram. Cultivation of this species is not very interesting due to less economic interest. Regarding the increasing demand for consumption of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek synonym Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) there are two different tendency:(1) use in diet of the poor supplying a substantial portion of protein to the cereal (in Pakistan) and (2): using in the world's most demanding kitchens due to the high sprouting capacity and to the high protein content. The increasing consumption of this species it is known in United States of America and Australia Phaseolus aureus can represent a healthy and successfully alternative to consumption of other Phaseolus species. Due to high degree of resistance at drought and pest attack the species represent a very valuable material in breeding. In the present study we focused on a presentation of cultivation history of the species, importance, the main risk factors, morphological aspects, environment requirements, used practices of culture, potential yield. This paper represents a first step of an extensive study aims to test the suitability of this species to environmental conditions of the area of Moldova in conventional and ecological system culture.
STUDIES AND DETERMINATION TO ACHIEVE A NEW FIELD THYME VARIETY THYMUS SERPYLLUM „FLORIN”
Silvica Ambarus (1), Creola Brezeanu (2), Petre Marian Brezeanu(3), Marcela Fălticeanu(4), Geng Sansheng(5), Diana Barbu(6)
The initial diversity of the thyme species was enhanced by specific factors of evolution (selection, mutation, isolation) and also by ecological conditions of areas and agricultural technique of culture. Thus, local populations today are characterized by an evident diversity that deserves to be preserved and recovered and valued.
THE FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF LEAVES IN AMPELOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPEVINE VARIETIES FROM GALBENA DE ODOBESTI SORTO GROUP
Marioara Bosoi(1), Ghică Mihu(1), Constantin Târdea(2)
The fractal analysis is a modern research tool, which can be added to the ampelometric method in the morphological characterization of grapevine leaf, specific morphologic part of the plant used in the characterization of grapevine varieties. In this paper, there are presented the morphologic evaluations of grapevine varieties from the sort-group Galbenă de Odobeşti by determination of the fractal dimension or degree of leaves shape irregularity. The results obtained showed that the fractal dimension of the leaves represent descriptive morphologic parameters, which could be used with classical ampelographic descriptors in the characterization and establishment of the deferents of the grapevine varieties from the sort-group Galbena de Odobesti.
OPTIMIZATION OF APPLICATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES TO INCREASE THE YIELD OF CHICORY (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.) CULTIVARS
DRAGAN ŽNIDARČIČ(1), LUTVIJA KARIC(2)
A field trial to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of six chicory cultivars viz., 'Monivip', 'Castel Franco', 'Anivip', 'Foresto', 'Palla rossa' and 'Verona' was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Nitrogen was applied as KAN 27% at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha in two equal doses (half as basal and half as top dressing). As the level of nitrogen fertilizer was increased, a decrease of dry matter and head firmness were observed. However, an increase in fresh weight of heads and plant height were obtained, as the rate of nitrogen fertilizer was increase from 0 to 150 kg N/ha. Further increase however led to a decrease in these parameters. Among the cultivars the highest fresh weight of heads were obtained from cv. 'Verona' and the most compact heads, were produced by cv. 'Palla rossa' and cv. 'Foresto'.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF SEEDLING AGE, PLANTING TIMES AND CULTURE DENSITY ON BASIL PRODUCTION
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), SILVICA AMBARUS(1), GENG SANSHENG(2), DIANA BARBU(3)
Basil leaves are rich in essential oils (0,1 – 0,4%). The obtained oil from basil leaves is rich in estragol and linalool. Estragol is a phenyl derivate and linalool is an aliphatic alcohol. The basil oil may also contain aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic and other phenol derivates. The basil herb also contains therpeniodes, sapooninses and 5% tanate materials. The leaves contain: carotene, vitamin C, routine, fithocinides and minerals. The upper leaves from young shoots have a pleasant flavor of pepper, mint and lemon and are used fresh or dried to flavor meat and fish, sauce, salads juices and canned vegetables. Basil also serves to obtain alimentary syrup and some refreshments. It is used in perfume industry, cosmetics and cafeteria. In organic culture, the best results were obtained when we planted seedling of 40 days age and the density was 100.000 plants/ha.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS FROM THE NEAJLOV CATCHMENT
GEORGIA COSOR, CONSTANTIN CAZACU, CARMEN POSTOLACHE
One of the leading causes of biodiversity loss is the destruction, deterioration and fragmentation of ecological systems, especially by agricultural and water management policies and practices. In the last years, numerous monitoring and research programs focusing on ecosystems changes at global, regional and local level were implemented. Studies regarding ecosystem dynamics provide extra information on the status of integrated organizational levels of biodiversity. The aim of this paper is to describe the temporal dynamics of the spatial distribution of the ecological systems from the Neajlov Catchment Long Term Socio-Ecological Research site. The analysis is focused on changes of ecosystems spatial configuration occurred from the beginning of the 20th century up to the present within the area based on cartographic information. The identification of ecological systems distribution was done using Geographic Information System (GIS) and by analyzing the dynamics of different structural parameters. The spatial and temporal analysis of ecosystem distribution in Neajlov Catchment site showed that, in the last century the forest surface decreased, wetlands and aquatic ecosystems shrank to less than half as result of spatial extension of agro- and socio-economic ecosystems. Over the last decade, the number and surface of protected areas has increased, in an effort to reduce the rate of the biodiversity loss.
ASPECTS OF IN VITRO CULTURES OF OVARIES AT BRASSICA JUNCEA CZERN
DANIELA NICUŢĂ, GOGU GHIORGHIŢĂ, DIANA-ELENA MAFTEI
In vitro ovary cultures were initiated at Brassica juncea Czern species in view of evincing their morphogenetic reaction, and also for a possible use of this technique as an alternative to provide haploid regenerants. Our experiment started with the excision of the ovaries from the floral buttons. The ovaries were inoculated on several variants of nutritious media (enriched with growth regulators) to induce the development of gynogenetically derived structures. The basal medium was MURASHIGE –SKOOG, 1962 (MS), enriched with various concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. This type of phytoexplants provided two types of morphogenetic reaction. Therefore, depending on the combination of growth regulators within the initiation medium variants, some explants generated callus, and others provided off shoots directly from the ovaries on several medium variants. More than half of the inoculated ovaries displayed a morphogenetic reaction on most of the tested medium variants. The main in vitro reaction was the production of rhysogenetic friable cream callus (which was highly proliferative on BN şi BB2 medium variants, followed by KN), and a caulogenetic compact green callus, highly proliferative on BA, BD, BN, KD şi KN variants. The nutritive medium variants B02 and B2 also provided shoots with floral stems. Some of the in vitro obtained offshoots were affected from chlorophyllian deficiency.
A STUDY ON THE ABILITY OF SEEDLINGS FROM SPECIES WITH MULTIPLE USES FOR CULTIVATION IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
MARIA CALIN(1), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), SILVICA AMBARUS(1), DAN IOAN AVASILOAIEI(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), DIANA BARBU(2), IULIANA BARBU(2)
During the greenhouse experiments were performed over a three-year period (2008-2010) at the Vegetable Research-Development Station Bacau - Romania, in order to evaluate the behaviour of species with multiple uses in the seedling stage to the soil-borne diseases attack, the following observations were made. The attack degree was low at: Tagetes patula nana - 1,2%, T. tenuifolia – 0, Salvia. Splendens - 4,2%, Dahlia variabilis - 2.1%, Ageratum mexicanum - 3.1%, Ocimum basilicum - 1.1%, Zinnia elegans - 4.2%, Nicotiana affinis - 2.1% and Callistephus chinensis - 3.1%. These species have very good ability for growing in organic agriculture, in seedling stage. Some species of annual plants are attacked by soil-borne diseases. The attack degree was: Portulaca grandiflora - 18.9%, Petunia hybrida - 17.7%, Gazania splendens - 7.3%. Their ability for growing in organic agriculture is low. The behaviour of perennial plants was different: Gypsophila paniculata - 6.3%, Echinacea purpurea, 5.7%, and Chrysantemum leucantemum, 5.2%. Salvia officinalis had an attack degree of 15,6% and was sensible to attack from soil-borne diseases in seedling stage.
SOME CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF THE BARLEY SEED TREATMENT WITH HYDROALCOHOLIC SAGE EXTRACT
IONELA DACIANA MIERLICI(1), GABRIELA CĂPRARU(2), GOGU GHIORGHIŢĂ(3)
The paper presents some results regrading the cytogenetic effects of the barley tretament with sage extract (Salvia officinalis) upon the barley caryopses. It was proved that the treatment of barley with this extract had as effect the stimulation of the mitotic division in the radicle apex of the species and did not lead to any important cytogenetic changes (chromosome aberrations) in the anathelophase of the radicle mitoses.
APPROACHES TO HABITAT DISTURBANCES IN THE DANUBE DELTA BIOSPHERE RESERVE
DOROFTEI MIHAI, MIERLA MARIAN, GABRIEL LUPU
The study case for disturbances analysis, with regards to climate change, is the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR), as a wetland area. In order to identify potential disturbances, we choose, according to DPSIR concept, a set of indicators that can be applied in DDBR. Therefore, the vulnerability maps emphasise the most sensitive habitats from flooding, species invasiveness and biological indicators correlated with land use/cover assessment. The most sensitive habitats are natural flood plain forests, tall reed vegetation, planted flood plain forests and agricultural polders. Thus, they can be effectively used as key areas in order to identify changes in habitats, either manmade or natural.
MONITORING OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN TWO SPECIES OF VEGETATION ALONG THE CRISUL NEGRU RIVER SHORE, ROMANIA
FODOR ALEXANDRINA (1), PETREHELE ANDA IOANA GRATIELA CARABAN ALINA MARIA(1), BLIDAR CRISTIAN FELIX(1), STANASEL ADRIANA OANA DELIA(1),VANCEA ADRIANA(1), SIMUT CECILI(1),BERECZKI ENIKO(2), CALAPOD ABRIANA MELANIA(2),PETROVICI MILCA(3)
This study presents the results obtained in the monitoring of heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Ni, Co and Zn) accumulation in two vegetation species: Urtica dioica and Rubus fruticosum, along the Crisul Negru River (N-W Romania) shore in the period August 2008 - July 2009, reported for a chosen heavy metal unpolluted area, Bulz, on the Crisul Repede River (from the same area, N-W Romania). In this period, 280 leaves samples (140 samples of Urtica dioica and 140 samples of Rubus fruticosus) were collected and processed. The analysis method used was atomic absorption spectrometry. The heavy metal analysis values obtained were statistically processed using average and T test student. From the obtained data, it can be concluded that, even when the values of heavy metals concentration during the studied period were fluctuating, there was no significant difference in the content of heavy metal in the samples taken from Crisul Negru area compared to those registered in the control area (Bulz-Crisul Repede). The fluctuation for the heavy metal concentration can be explained on location, season, weather conditions and species. The dynamic of elements over years was always higher in 2009 than in 2008, probably due the increase of leaking from the mines, or surface runoff during heavy rains. The analysis of the heavy metals concentrations suggested a clear pattern of decreasing in concentration as the sampling sites are further away from the mining sites, suggesting a strong point source of pollution in the headwaters from the mines and a diffuse one due the surface runoff during heavy rains, and possibly due the groundwater infiltrations into the river.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME THYAZYNIC AND PHENAZYNIC COMPOUNDS ON THE ACTIVITY OF SOME ENZYMES AT PHASEOLUS VULGARIS AND TRITICUM ESTIVUM IN THE GERMINATION PERIOD
DUMITRU GABRIELA(1), CIORNEA ELENA(1), VASILE SILVIA(2)
The researches aimed at the analysis of the degree influence of two dyestuffs, namely neutral red and methylen blue – as derivates with phenazynical and, respectively, thyazynical structure, on to some physiological aspects of plants (the increasing degree of seedlings and the germination degree of the seeds) and on the activity of some enzymes with major role in the germination process of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) and, respectively, of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Thus, the enzymatic activity was determined along 72 hours of germination, appreciating the influence of the chemical analyzed compounds, used in different concentrations (10^-1 M, 10^-3 M, 10^-5 M), on the mobilization degree of specifically substratum of the enzymes taken into the study. The analysis of the obtained results underlines the fact that the two dyestuffs used evince a striking action from physiological point of view, just as in what concerns the enzymatic activity, with variations more or less ample depending on the used concentration.
BIOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR FIGHTING AGAINST THE AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS PATHOGENIC AGENT (SMITH et TOWNSEND) IN GRAPEVINE
PODOSU - CRISTESCU AURELIA, MIHU GHICA, PAMFIL MARIA, OPREA MARIA, BOSOI MARIOARA, STOIAN ILEANA, BOSOI IONICA
Phyto-pathogenic bacteria are a constant threat to plant health, causing diseases which lead to significant loss in grapevine production. A new way of fighting against pathogenic agents is using biological methods, as preimmunization with a virulent or weakly virulent sources and microbial antagonism, or with products of their metabolic activity. Currently, few products are used in the biological fight against phyto-pathogens, as most biological products and/or methods are currently under research.The paper presents aspects of the research carried on in order to establish the virulence of bacteria in the Bacillus spp. genus, in field-growing conditions, for further utilization of a viable method of fighting against the Agrobacterium tumefaciens pathogenic agent in grapevine.
OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE OUTTURN OF EXPERIMENTAL GYNOGENESIS AT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) AND SUGARBEET (BETA VULGAIS L.)
PRISECARU MARIA(1), CRISTEA OANA TINA(2)
The genotypes studied in our present research manifested different degrees of culturability, differences that were registered also between species. From the 15 genotypes of wheat tested, at only 6 genotypes, we obtained plants with gynogenetic origin, while at sugar beet 12 from the 22 genotypes tested responded well to the experimental conditions utilized in our research. The best culturability was registered at genotypes: Fundulea 4, at wheat, Barsa, Record, CV40, CV14D at sugar beet. Due to the fact that there are significant differences between varieties, lines or hybrids, in what concern the gynogenetic ability and outturn, we underline the necessity of selection of genotypes able to respond to "in vitro" gynogenesis technique, or, their creation through repeated hybridization, the gynogenetic aptitude having a complex control polygene system, that can be gradually accomplished, with many components independently transmitted.
A NEW PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. VARIETY OBTAINED AT V.R.D.S BACAU – PERLATA
BREZEANU CREOLA(1), BREZEANU PETRE MARIAN(1), AMBARUS SILVICA(1), SANSHENG GENG (2), BARBU DIANA(3)
In order to diversify and enrich the stock of germplsam with source of genes that control the useful characteristics for the breeding process of garden beans (potential for high production, short growing season, quality, resistance to mildew and viruses), we used the following methods:- The genealogical selection in populations- The selection of the valuable lines and testing in selection field for at least three years- The study in comparative culture of obtained lines- The resistance testing in artificial infection conditions- The study in comparative cultures in pedo-climatic condition of area and in different culture areas- Observations and biometrical determinations regarding the main morphological characters- Studies regarding variability of characters, obtained lines and created new cultivars
STUDIES ON THE DYNAMICS OF EXTRACELLULAR AND ENDOCELLULAR PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY OF THE FUNGUS MONILINIA LAXA (ADERH.&RUHL.) HONEY PARASITE ON PLUM TREE
TUTU ELENA, CIORNEA ELENA, COJOCARU SABINA IOANA
The experimental research attempted to elucidate some aspects regarding the influence of carbohydrates on the dynamics of peroxidase activity, the enzyme which plays the most important role in the cellular process of oxidoreduction, correlated with the respiration process, at the Monilinia laxa (Aderh.& Ruhl.) Honey species. Peroxidase activity was determined using o-dianisidine method, for each sample we made 3 parallel determinations in both the fungus mycelium and in the liquid culture at 7 and 14 days old inoculations. Subsequently, the data obtained was statistically processed by calculating the average, error and standard deviation, variation and precision coefficient of the mean and confidence interval limits. The experimental results showed the existence of some significant differences from one sample to another, endocellular and extracellular peroxidase activity being strongly influenced by the type of carbon source used in the culture medium and by the age of the culture.
BEHAVIOURAL STUDY OF VEGETABLE VARIETIES AND SPECIES AS RESPONSE TO DISEASES ATTACK IN SEEDLING STAGE
CALIN MARIA(1), CRISTEA TINA OANA(1), AMBARUS SILVICA, AVASILOAIEI DAN IOAN(1), BREZEANU CREOLA(1), BREZEANU PETRE MARIAN(1), BARBU DIANA(2), BARBU IULIANA(2)
During 2009-2010, greenhouse experiments were performed in Vegetable Research-Development Station Bacau – Romania, in order to evaluate the vegetable varieties and lines resistance to the soilborne disease attack both in mature and in seedling stage. The study was focused on the following vegetable species: tomato, cabbage, lettuce, pepper, egg plant and celery. The results obtained on sets of trials were as follows: Thetrials: 01 – 101 in tomatoThe tomato cultivars tested in the present study are recommended for cultivation in ecological agriculture.The plants free of soil-borne diseases attack were Katerina and Bonavista.The lowest degree of attack was in: Siriana, Venezia, Birdie, Bobalna and Unibac, 1,2 – 7,3 %.The percentage of health plants were 92,7 – 98,8 %.A medium degree of attack was determined at: Belavista (9,4 attack degree).The trials: 01 - 102 in cabbageThe degree of attack in Isalnita variety was low - 3,6%. The results obtained proved that 96,4% were healthy.The trials: 01 - 103 in lettuceThe degree of attack was 7,2% and the percentage of health plant was 92,8%.The lettuce variant had good ability for cultivation in organic agriculture.The trials: 03 – 104 in pepperThe following varieties of pepper: Siret, Creola, Dariana Bac, Beladona, Verdrana and Salsa were very resistant to attack of diseases in seedling stage.The percentage of health plants was above 98,4%. The trials: 01- 105 in eggplantEdna hybrid and Contesa variety are indicated for cultivation in organic agriculture. Only 2,8% plant of Edna and 5,2 % plant of Contesa were sensible to soil-borne disease attack.The trials: 03 - 106 in celeryThe attack of soil-borne diseases of celery was very small. Bistrita variety has very good ability for organic agriculture, the percentage of health plant was 96,4 %.
BIOMETRICAL OBSERVATIONS ON ACER TATARICUM L.(ACERACEAE) LEAVES
BERCU RODICA
The leaf, as a vegetative organ of a plant, may be defined not only by morphological and anatomical features but also by morphometrical and mathematyical criterions, which is not an easy task allowing for their polymorphism, that is why we introduced this method also for the spontaneous plants leaves. We stopped on Acer tataricum L. (spontaneous species) leaves. The morphological observations and morphometrical measurements were performed on 40 mature leaves including linear measurements the (length leaf, the width leaf, the height of the maximum width; the apex length, the apex width; the lobe length, the incision deepness; length of petiole); the percentage ratio (the length-width ratio; the acuminate ratio, the oval ratio; the apex finesse, the relative sinus deepness). It had been calculated the angular measurements as well: the apical angle, the emergent angle of the secondary veins with primaries, emergent angle of the tertiary veins, the emergent angle between the primary lateral veins and other measurements such as:, the number of secondary veins/2), the teeth/cm and the leaf surface (cm^2). The biometric measurements made on 40 leaves of the species considered, were the basis of mathematical calculation of average values of the studied species. Biometric observations contributed to a more complete morphological description of this species leaves.
ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO MORPHOGENETIC REACTION OF BRASSICA OLERACEA L. ANTHERS REGARDED AS GENOTYPE DEPENDENCY
CRISTEA OANA TINA(1), CALIN MARIA(1), BREZEANU CREOLA(1), BREZEANU PETRE MARIAN(1), PRISECARU MARIA(2)
The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of donor genotype over the in vitro morphogenetic reaction of anthers cultivated on solid growth media. This is a primary step that needs to be assessed in any research that targets toward the establishment of a viable working protocol for the cultivation of anther in vitro and the obtaining of double haploid lines. During the experiment, we investigated the performance of 16 different genotypes (lines, varieties and hybrids). The seeds were provided by the Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau, Romania.The results obtained in the present study showed that the ability of anthers for cultivation in vitro strongly depends on the genotype of the donor mother plants. There are genotypes that are totally recalcitrant for cultivation in vitro, while other showed an increased receptivity for regeneration of plants. The reaction of anthers was oriented toward the induction of direct organogenesis and embryogenesis or toward callusogenesis. Only in two of the studied genotypes (line BC145 and variety ZM 12) the anthers have shown no ability to cultivation in vitro.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEAD ON HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS L. SEEDLINGS
ANDRO ANCA RALUCA, PADURARIU CLAUDIA, BOZ IRINA, ZAMFIRACHE MARIA-MAGDALENA, GALES RAMONA, COISIN MAGDA
The concentration of heavy metals, such as lead, naturally present in the environment, has been gradually increasing with the development of industrialization. Aromatic and medicinal plants have a demonstrated ability to accumulate heavy metals, being thus a good choice for phytoremediation, since they are mainly grown for their secondary products (volatile oils). The aim of this study is to investigate the tolerance of lead (the critical concentration of lead in the soil being 100mg/l) in Hyssopus officinalis L. using seed germination and seedling growth bioassays. In the investigated species, seed germination and seedling development were affected by the tested concentrations of lead solutions (100 mg/l, 300 mg/l and 500 mg/l). The tested lead solutions influenced the seedling root and hypocotyl elongation in Hyssopus officinalis as compared to control.
COMPARATIVE RESEARCHES ON THE HYDROLYSIS DEGREE OF THE RESERVE SUBSTANCES UNDER THE GLUCANPHOSPHORYLASE ACTION AT CULTIVATED AND SPONTANEOUS GRAMINACEAE
CIORNEA ELENA(1), DUMITRU GABRIELA(2)
The biological material was represented by germinated caryopses of graminaceae derived from the cultivated and spontaneous flora, namely millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense), hair grass (Festuca pratensis), bristle grass (Setaria pumila) and brome grass (Bromus sterilis), determining the starch mobilization rate, as the main reservesubstance, under the phosphorolytical action of αglucanphosphorylase, in parallel with the concentration of the total soluble proteins. The germination of seeds was achieved in laboratory conditions along ten days of germination, the sampling being performed every 24 hours. The analysis of the obtained results for all analyzed species underlined the existence of a strong correlation between the mobilization degree of the reserve substances and the enzymatic activity, noticing in this sense an intensification of the enzymatic activity at the decrease of starch concentration.
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSES ON REGENERANTS OF MENTHA PIPERITA L. PROVIDED IN VITRO
MAFTEI DIANA-ELENA(1), NICUŢĂ DANIELA(1), GHIORGHIŢĂ GOGU(1), HĂNCIANU MONICA(2)
This present paper is a part of a complex 4-year scientific project – a study on the in vitro reaction, cytogenetical, physiological, and biochemical observations on a series of Labiatae and Asteraceae. The biochemical investigations on peppermint aimed to evince some possible alterations of the quantity or the composition of volatile oils from in vitro regenerants provided on Murashige-Skoog culture medium, and on other variants of MS supplemented with growth regulators. Phytochemical analyses were accomplished on first year regenerants of Mentha piperita. The amount of volatile oil was established by hydrodistillation of dry biomass (100 grams of dry biomass/variant). Volatile oils were submitted to gas-chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry, in order to identify the chemical components within the volatile fractions. The specters were compared to the one from Wiley data system. All the results were related to control – plants provided in vitro on hormone-free MS, and also to the initial biological material, that was the source of explants. The amount of volatile oil within the analysed samples varied between 0.2 and 7.5% of dry biomass, compared to 1.5-3.5%, and 0.5-4% (according to references), [1, 2]. The highest amount of volatile oil was registered within the regenerants provided on hormone-free MS (7% dry matter). Volatile oil’s major components were L-mentol, mentona, eucaliptol, and pulegone. Volatile oil spectrum varied with the medium variant on which the in vitro plants were regenerated. 116 The chemical profile of the essential oils showed that the monoterpens represent between 87.2 and 92.35% (mostly cetons and alcohols), and the sesquiterpens represent between 1.82 and 4.10% (especially hydrocarbonates). There were mostly quantitative differences within the analysed samples, which proves that the method we used to regenerate neoplantlets of Mentha piperita reproduced the initial genotype.
RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON SOURCES ON THE DYNAMICS OF CATALASE ACTIVITY IN FUNGUS MONILINIA LAXA (ADERH.&RUHL.) HONEY PARASITIC ON PLUM
TUTU ELENA, CIORNEA ELENA, COJOCARU SABINA IOANA
It is well known that oxidoreductases constitute group of enzymes which are strictly necessary for the microorganisms being involved in the decomposition reactions of hydrogen peroxide formed during the oxidation processes catalyzed by flavin-enzyme. In addition to the detoxification function, the catalyses constitute also a terminal electronic flow regulator from the chain respiratory processes, and it is also a „trap” for free radicals that appear from radiolysis. This paper systematizes a series of experimental results regarding the influence of different carbon sources on the dynamic activity of catalase in Monilinia laxa (Aderh.&Ruhl.) Honey species – a parasite fungus on stone fruits from different species of Rosaceae. The activity of catalase - the bicomponent oxidoreductase involved in oxidative stress was determined using the titration method, both in the fungus mycelium and in liquid culture. For each sample, there were performed 3 parallel determinations and the results were statistically processed by calculating on the basis of the mean values and standard deviation, with a probability of 95%, the superior and the inferior limits of confidence intervals. Experiments consisting of consecutive measurements made at 7 and 14 days after the inoculation of culture medium marked out the fact that the enzyme activity was significantly influenced both by the culture age and the type of carbohydrate present in the fungus culture medium.
ENDEMIC PLANTS - FRACTAL ANALYSIS
NICOLESCU ANAMARIA CARMEN, ANDREI MARIN
Fractals are geometric features of known objects with irregular, autosimilare with infinite detail observable at all scales of representation. Measuring the fractal irregularity of contour is given by the fractal dimension (DF), can be calculated by numerical methods and expressed as a specific rational fractional number. From morphofractal analyses of the endemic species it results that they have similar morphological characteristics, expressed by similar fractal dimensions. Because he analysis is performed on different species it doesn’t result similar fractal dimensions. We mention that even in the case of the same species there can appear different results between fractal parameters of the studied species the reason being the sozological criteria. The research aimed to fill data to identify different species of endemic plants in the Romanian Carpathians
ESTABLISHING THE VIRULENCE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS BACTERIA ON THE AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS PATHOGENIC AGENT IN VITRO TESTING CONDITIONS
MIHU GHICA, PODOSU-CRISTESCU AURELIA, BABEANU NARCISA, LIVADARU OANA, PAMFIL MARIA, OPREA MARIA, BOSOI MARIOARA, STOIAN ILEANA, BOSOI IONICA
A method of controlling the pathogenic agent Agrobacterium tumefaciens consists of the use of biological control means through preimmunization with avirulent or weakly virulent sources and the microbial antagonism, or with products of their metabolic activity. The paper presents research conducted under laboratory conditions with the use of „in vitro” methods for establishing the virulence of bacterial strains belonging to the Bacillus spp., on Agrobacterium tumefsciens pathogenic agent. During the attempts of limiting and preventing tumorgenesis triggered by the Agrobacterium tumefsciens pathogenic agent in vine plants, the effectiveness of certain biological products has been tested, thus following the administration of biological products based on Bacillus subtilis. In accordance of strands used for preparing the biological product inhibit the evolution of bacterial colonies of bacteria, and pathogenic action of the Agrobacterium tumefsciens bacterium. The inhibition of pathogen ranges from 100% to 17.99% and calculated concentration limits variations value has been between 1.97 and 2.98, compared to the untreated witness.
BEYOND AND ACROSS SCIENCES, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES
MORĂRAŞU NADIA NICOLETA, ANDRIOAI GABRIELA
Cognitive linguistic researches including the one conducted in this study have proven that plants are considered to be a fruitful domain for the conceptualization of both abstract concepts (including emotions and ideas) and concrete animate entities (especially human). Varied plants and their parts as well as the stages of plant growth are constantly mapped onto the evolutionary stages of different processes (e.g. emotion development) or onto the human life cycle, by means of conventional metaphors and conventionalized similes.