Volume 22, No. 1 (2013)
Articles
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN RHODIOLA ROSEA L. PLANTS, PROVIDED EITHER IN VITRO OR IN CONVENTIONAL CULTURES
MAFTEI DANIEL – IOAN(1), MAFTEI DIANA – ELENA(2)
The biological material used to determine the enzyme activity was represented by: plants harvested from the ex vitro environment (from Ceahlău Mountain) and plants grown in vitro (plantlets provided in the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Biotechnology of the University „Vasile Alecsandri” from Bacău). This current study presents the results concerning the enzyme activity in Rhodiola rosea L. The biochemical analyses on the individuals of Rhodiola rosea L. aimed to depict the fluctuations in the activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxyd dismutase depending on the growth medium that provided these plants/plantlets. The data of our tests on the activity of some enzymatic systems in the plants of Rhodiola rosea L. do not imply a significant influence of the environment on the metabolic processes that take place in the analyzed individuals (obtained either ex vitro or in vitro).
INFLUENCE OF LIMESTONE EXPLOITATION FROM MATEIAŞU MOUNTAIN (SOUTH ROMANIAN CARPATHIANS) ON STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF PLANT AND WOODEN SPECIES
RALUCA STANCU
Cenote affinities of the species identified in the six areas of evidence allow us to determine the degree of similarity and difference between these surfaces. Affinity between sample surfaces with deciduous vegetation is the largest index calculated with the lowest values - 33.33. This figure shows that deciduous affected area suffered a much smaller impact than the other two surfaces. Cenotic lowest affinity for surfaces occurs in coniferous vegetation, P3 and P6. Human impact on affected area near career led to drastic changes in the composition of normal specific, which led to a change in the physiognomy of the vegetation groups in relation to vegetation control surface.
AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF INTENSIVE ORGANIC APPLE-TREE GROWING AND FINANCING OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH EU PROGRAMMES/PROJECTS
RAŢI IOAN VIOREL, RĂDUCANU DUMITRA, NICOLETA BADĂLUŢĂ
This paper contributes to preparing the documentation required to design an experimental model for one hectare of intensively managed plantation of organic apple trees, based on certified reproductive material from disease-resistant cultivars. The experimental model could be used by young farmers who want to obtain authorization to plant trees and access EU funds. There are presented the necessary information for setting up an intensive plantation of apple tree (estimates, cultivation technologies until fruit bearing.
„MARCELA”- A NEW VARIETY OF THYME, CREATED AT VEGETABLE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMET STATION BACAU
SILVICA AMBARUS, CREOLA BREZEANU, PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, MARCELA FĂLTICEANU TINA CRISTEA, MARIA CALIN
Initial diversity of this species was enhanced by specific factors of evolution (selection, mutation, isolation), and also by ecological conditions of areas and agricultural technique of culture. Thus, local populations today are characterized by a evident diversity that deserves to be preserved and recovered and valorized. The study starts from the demands from growers and consumers, for a variety with high yield and oil potential. A new variety of thyme was created at Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau. “Marcela” variety is characterized by the homogeneity in its phenotype. It has an erect habitus and great vigor. “Marcela” variety is a perennial subshrubs, aromatic species, distinguished by specified aroma. Strains are 0.25 – 0.38 m height. The total dry matter content of “Marcela” variety ranged from 2.57 to 3.91 (g/m2). The report between leaves and branches ranged from 59.5% to 48.1%. The highest level of essential oil yield was registered at blooming (100% of plants were in flower).
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
ROMANCIUC GABRIELA, GANEA ANATOL
The unified information system on plant genetic resources in Republic of Moldova – ReGen, has been developed in the Centre of Plant Genetic Resources of Moldova, in 2002. The main objective of ReGen is to integrate and monitor the available data on existing germplasme collections at the national level. This system covers a wide range of taxonomic, biological, ecological and geographical data. The structure and design of database correspond to the central objective: to facilitate handling and access to information regarding the entire process of plant genetic resources conservation. This system allows: input and checking of data; to store the information corresponding to the descriptors for ex situ, in situ, on farm conservation; availability of data for multiple analysis and use; to obtain the necessary information from database in the form of report, queries, and different graphical presentations; facilitate access to actual germplasm etc. The passport data is essential especially for documentation of accessions maintained in ex situ collections. The subsystem for in situ conservation is structured in six compartments - initial data, location and sample identity, molecular data, and gene bank localization that covers a wide range of taxonomic, biological, ecological and geographical data. Regarding on farm conservation is important to note that information consists of two parts: passport data and collecting data that is determined by following issues: identification and features of collecting place, sample identity, information about the cultivar’s donor, cultivar distribution and cultivation manner, geophysics site description, selection and storage of collecting materials, cultivar uses, gene bank localization. In genebank an efficient information system provides registration and exchange of data and allows rapid accessioning of new samples and location of samples in storage and will serve for other variety of needs.
REMARKABLE OPPORTUNITIES IN TOMATO ORGANIC CULTIVATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, CREOLA BREZEANU, SILVICA AMBARUS, MARIA CALIN, TINA OANA CRISTEA
Permanent damage to the environment, has led a broad social and political movement to combat this phenomenon which is due among other excesses occurred in the agricultural system also to applied chemical treatments. Due to importance of environment protection and also market request for qualitative products, researchers from over the world try to find solutions in these directions. Tomato is one of the most valuable fruit vegetable grown in conventional and in organic system, in open field and also in protected area. The present study provides information on yield achievements of six tomatoes genotypes cultivated in two different systems culture (conventional and organic) at three densities, in order to highlight the suitability to cultivation system. The best yield results were obtained at density of 30000 plants per hectare in both system cultures. All studied genotypes obtained quantitative superior yield in conventional system comparing organic system. Despite the better results from conventional system, the organic system was more profitable.
PLANT REGENERATION FROM ANTHERS CULTURE OF BRASSICA OLERACEA L.
MARIA PRISECARU(1), NICOLETA BĂDĂLUŢĂ(2), CRISTEA TINA OANA(3)
There was initiated an in vitro culture of immature anthers from Royal Delphy F1 hybrid and the inbred lines BCO 7-10, Z2 and Z2-12-2 of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). For callus induction, regeneration and risogenesis, the MS (1962) medium was used with various concentrations of hormones. The incubation of anther cultures was done in the dark for 6 days at a temperature of 35 C; after this period, they were transferred to 23 C for 14 days. The induction efficiency of embryonic callus and shoots was good, especially for Royal Delphy and Z2-12 genotypes. Of phytohormones, BAP in concentration of 2.1 ml/l can induce not only organogenesis, but also embryogenesis in callus cultures when associated with NAA in concentration of 0.5 ml /l. The accommodation of plants was achieved by their passage through a hydroponic system for 14 days. Accommodated plants were planted in pots with a soil/perlite 1/1 mixture, then in greenhouse and in experimental fields.
USING OF GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3) TO THE TABLE GRAPES VARIETY OF VINE COARNĂ NEAGRĂ, AS A MEANS OF INCREASING SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
ROTARU LILIANA, COŢOVANU (FILIMON) ROXANA, FILIMON VASILE RĂZVAN, PRISĂCARU ANCA IRINA
The study aimed to determine the optimal dose of gibberellic acid that can be applied to achieve a highersustenable production and a harmonization of quality indicators at vine variety for table grapes Coarnă neagră, grown in the areal of Iasi vineyard, Romania. In terms of experience, we found that at Coarnă neagră variety the optimal dose of gibberellin applied was 25 ppm GA3/10 L H20, that reported the most important values of productivity and fertility characteristics compared to control variant. The treatment applied to inflorescences provided an increase of production exceeding 18%, and also an improvementof marketed production percentage.The number and weight of seeds in berry remained constant and the concentration of antocyanin pigment was over 20% higher than at untreated grapes.
IMPACT OF PHYTO-TECHNICAL MEASURES TO THE FETEASCĂ NEAGRĂ VINE VARIETY GROWN IN COTNARI VINEYARD FOR IMPROVE THE QUALITATIVE POTENTIAL
ROTARU LILIANA, PETREA TRAIAN MIHAIL, PRISĂCARU CORNE
Optimization of technology for a new variety introduced in range of a vineyard requires study various technological links so that the chosen solution to be viable in terms of quality and economy. Ripening grapes is a very complex biochemical process , which depends on the quality of grape and wine. Grape maturation is strongly influenced by climatic conditions, but also agrotechnics applied so that the quality of raw materials for wine varies widely from one year to another, from one vineyard to another. The technological maturation of the grapes is aimed accumulation of large amounts of sugars and reducing excessive acidity of grapes to achieve a balanced report as glucoacidimetric that ensures obtaining quality wines and phenolic maturation is a prerequisite basic technology enabling quality red wines their quality forecasting and modeling technologies winemaking. The work was targeted for potential qualitative Fetească neagră, new introduced in Cotnari vineyard, in the application of complex green works operations. By applying operations and green works are to achieve an optimal technological choice not to follow to obtain the highest yields of grapes, but the most balanced in terms of all the factors involved in the ripening grapes. Following investigations revealed that to the practice of short cutting at Fetească neagră grapes in conjunction with partial leafless operation caused an increase in the concentration of sugars and adding weeding operation also leads to a decrease in total acidity and an increase concentration of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins.
STUDIES AND RESEARCHES ON DIVERSIFICATION OF VEGETABLE ASSORTMENT BY INTRODUCING IN CULTURE LESS CULTIVATED VARIETIES OF SPONTANEOUS –Allium ursinum
CREOLA BREZEANU, PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, SILVICA AMBARUS, MARIA CALIN, TINA OANA CRISTEA
Species growing in some countries in other are very rare or even unknown. For example in Romania species like: rhubarb, fennel, asparagus, artichokes, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, sweet potatoes, black salsify, mung bean are less cultivated, but suitable for cultivation due to different reasons: yield potential, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, health benefits. The study of variability at local population 1 reveals that follows: - low variability of leaf length - coefficient of variability (s%) = 6.5; - low variability of leaf stem length - coefficient of variability (s%) = 9.8; - middle variability of leaf width - coefficient of variability (s%) = 10.2. The amount of dry mass in leaves varied between 7.25 to 16.30%, the mean value was 11, 94%.
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE ACTION OF SOME MICRO-ELEMENTS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF Coriandrum sativum L.
NICOLETA BADĂLUŢĂ, RAŢI IOAN VIOREL, DUMITRA RĂDUCANU
This study presents the results obtained in testing some solutions of micro-elements (MnCl2.ZnSO4) on Coriandrum sativum L., considering that it is only recently that the influence of micro-elements on the growth and development of medicinal herbs in agricultural culture has been investigated. Our research brought evidence for biometric growths and for the positive effect of solutions with micro-elements on the storage of dry matter and assimilating pigments in the vegetal tissues of tested variants.
AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FOR AN INTENSIVELY MANAGED PLANTATION OF ORGANIC SEA BUCKTHORN AND ITS FINANCING OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH EU PROJECTS
NICOLETA BADĂLUŢĂ, RAŢI IOAN VIOREL, DUMITRA RĂDUCANU
This paper contributes to preparing the documentation required to design an experimental model for one hectare of intensively managed plantation of organic sea buckthorn, based on certified reproductive material for the cultivars studied. This model was implemented on a ten-hectare surface in the spring of 2011 in Tulcea county and at FRUCTEX Bacau. The experimental model was designed to be used by young farmers who want to access EU funds for the setting up of young farmers.
IDENTIFYING THE APPLE-TREE VARIETY WITH PRODUCTIVE AND DISEASE-RESISTANT CULTIVARS SUITABLE FOR INTENSIVELY MANAGED ORGANIC PLANTATIONS
RAŢI IOAN VIOREL, NICOLETA BADĂLUŢĂ, DUMITRA RĂDUCANU
The paper presents the results obtained in monitoring eight apple-tree cultivars (Ionagold, Ionathan, Starkrimson, Goldspur, Idared, Prima, Florina and Generos) in competition culture aimed at selecting some genetically disease-resistant cultivars. As a result of numerous phonological observations concerning trunk width/diameter, productivity, chemical composition, as well as disease resistance/behavior, four resistant cultivars have been recommended for organic farming (Idared, Goldspur, Generos and Ionagold).