Volume 19, No. 1 (2018)
Articles
STUDY OF YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF CAMEL MILK IN ALGERIA
Leyla Hadef(1,2*), Hebib Aggad(1), Brahim Hamad(1,2), Messaouda Saied(2)
The aim of this study was to determine the yield and composition of raw camel milk throughout the lactation period. For this purpose seventeen multiparous she-camels, kept under grazing and supplement farming system in South East of Algeria were used in this study. A total of 153 milk samples were collected and analyzed through standard procedures to determine yield and physicochemical parameters of milk such as pH, acidity, density, fat, protein, lactose, ash and total solids. The results demonstrated that the overall means of daily milk yield and composition of pH, acidity, density, fat, protein, lactose, ash and total solids (TS) were 3.96 ± 1.24 L∙day-1, 6.55 ± 0.14, 0.17 ± 0.01 %, 1.032 ± 0.002 g∙cm-3, 3.72 ± 0.14%, 3.37 ± 0.18 %, 4.13 ± 0.29 %, 0.96 ± 0.22 % and 9.99 ± 1.82 %, respectively. Moreover, the milk yield was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during the mid stage of lactation than the early and the late one, while milk density, fat and total solids were the highest during the first stage of lactation. However, pH, protein and lactose contents content remained stable without significant change (p > 0.05). The results indicated that Algerian camel milk could provide a valuable nutritious food and energy source for population living in arid and semi arid zones and it was concluded that the stage of lactation had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on milk yield and most physicochemical parameters of raw camel milk.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LIPASE-PRODUCING FUNGI FROM LOCAL OLIVE OIL MANUFACTURE IN EAST OF ALGERIA
ALIMA RIHANI(*), LAZHARI TICHATI, BOUDJEMA SOUMATI
The main objective of this work was primary screening and isolation of lipase-producing microorganisms from oil-mill waste. For the screening of fungal strains with lipolytic activity, we employed a sensitive agar plate method, using a medium supplemented with CaCl2 and Tween 80. Another Tributyrin lipase activity was detected from clearing zones due to the hydrolysis of the triacylglycerols. The evolution of biomass and enzyme production has been assayed. A quantitative analysis of lipase activity was performed by the titration method using olive oil as a substrate supplemented with glucose or Tween 80. We have isolated some lipolytic strains from oil-mill effluent. Three of them were found to be excellent lipase producers that were identified as Penicillium sp, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus. Lipolytic activity and biomass were enhanced in the medium supplemented by glucose. Tween 80 is also considered as a best inducer at the concentration of 1 %. In this condition, these isolates showed maximum lipase production within 24 h; achieved (3.91 IU‧mL-1 ± 0.12) for Penicillium sp.
OPTIMIZATION OF A HPLC ANALYSIS METHOD FOR TAURINE AND CAFFEINE IN ENERGY DRINKS
RALUCA-IOANA [CHIRITA] TAMPU(1,2*), ADRIANA FINARU(1), CLAIRE ELFAKIR(2)
This paper presents the optimization of a rapid, inexpensive, reliable and selective isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and taurine in energy drinks with two common detectors in series: evaporating light scattering detector (ELSD) and an ultraviolet (UV) detector. Satisfactory analysis results were obtained on an Astec apHera NH2 column using methanol/water (30:70 v/v) as mobile phase. The optimized method was used for the analysis of commercial energy drinks containing large amounts of carbohydrates (100 g·L-1) and considerably lower amounts of taurine and caffeine (4 and 0.6 g·L-1, respectively). The advantages of this method consist of its lack of preliminary samples treatment and also the fact that basic LC instrumentation was employed.
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE USE OF LOVAGE LEAVES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF EDIBLE VEGETABLE OILS AND OIL BLENDS
GEIDA SEVDAGUL SULIMAN, SEMAGHIUL BIRGHILA, ANCA DUMBRAVA(*)
We studied four edible vegetable oils and nine oil blends based on refined sunflower oil, in order to improve the quality characteristics of sunflower oil. The oils used for blends were linseed oil, grapeseed oil, and coconut oil. The physico-chemical properties demonstrated the superior features for oil blends, like lower acidity (measured by acid value) and higher stability to autoxidation (measured by peroxide value and refractive index). The best combination for sunflower oil was with coconut oil (lower acidity, higher stability to autoxidation). For a supplementary improvement of properties, especially for the preservation of oils and oil blends, we tested the lovage (Levisticum officinale) extract as additive. The obtained additivated mixtures demonstrated better quality characteristics, which recommend them for the human consumption.
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM RED GRAPE POMACE
ADINA FRUM(1*), CECILIA GEORGESCU(1), FELICIA G. GLIGOR(2), ECATERINA LENGYEL(1), DIANA I. STEGARUS(3), CARMEN M. DOBREA(2), OVIDIU TITA(1)
The wine industry generates a great amount of waste every year, thus its valorization is of most importance. This study uses red, fermented pomace from Cabernet Sauvignon and Feteasca Neagra cultivars. The phenolic compounds were extracted using four different extractions and the content of total polyphenols was determined using a spectrophotometrical method. Several phenolic compounds were analyzed using an HPLC method. The Cabernet Sauvignon pomace had the highest content of total polyphenols and total phenolic compounds analyzed and of quercetin, rutin, ferulic acid and resveratrol, while the Feteasca Neagra pomace had the highest content of gallic acid, syringic acid, cinamic acid and (+) - catechin. The caffeic acid and the chlorogenic acid were not found in any of the analyzed pomaces. These pomaces could be used in the food industry as functional ingredients.
OPTIMIZATION OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. (ROSELLE) ANTHOCYANIN AQUEOUS-ETHANOL EXTRACTION PARAMETERS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
ANILÚ MIRANDA-MEDINA(1*), PATRICIA M. HAYWARD-JONES(2), OCTAVIO CARVAJAL-ZARRABAL(3), LUZ DEL ALBA LADRÓN DE GUEVARA-VELA(1), YERIKC DAVID RAMÍREZ-VILLAGÓMEZ(1), DULCE M. BARRADAS-DERMITZ(2), GEORGINA LUNA-CARRILLO(1), MARÍA G. AGUILAR-USCANGA(1)
Anthocyanins along with protocatechuic acid and quercetin have been recognized as bioactive compounds in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extracts. Characteristic anthocyanin absorption in the visible region makes their quantification possible without the interference of the other two compounds, and also can favor its potential application as an alternative to organic-based dye sensitized solar cell, in various forms. In order to optimize measurable factors linked to the extraction of these flavonoids, an optimization was performed using a Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM). Three levels of ethanol concentration, temperature and solid-solvent ratio (SSR) were investigated. The optimization model showed that with 96 % EtOH, 65 °C, and 1:50 SSR, the highest anthocyanin concentration of 150 mg/100 g was obtained.
ACTIVATED ADSORPTION ON CLAY OF MICROPOLLUTANTS FROM PAPER PRINTING INDUSTRY
DIANA C. MIRILĂ(1), MĂDĂLINA Ș. PÎRVAN(1), ANA M. ROȘU(1), VALENTIN ZICHIL(2), ILEANA D. NISTOR(1*)
The paper presents a preliminary study of chemisorption onto anionic and cationic clays, in order to reduce the content of pollutants from a paper printing effluent, collected after technological step named: printing of paper fabric manufacturing. The procedure of filtration fallowed by adsorption process is an effective, fast and low cost technique for treatment of black effluent resulting from paper printing industry. The key parameters tested to achieve a high efficiency for the movement of micropollutants from printing fluid were substrate dose and contact time. The highest treatment performance was obtained for cationic substrate at pH = 6.80, in contact and agitated magnetically for 30 respectively 90 minutes at room temperature.
IMPACT OF MULTIGRAIN MILLING ON THE CHEMICAL PROFILE OF THE MILL STREAMS
CARMEN BOLEA, IULIANA APRODU, IULIANA BANU(*)
The multigrain blends prepared by mixing wheat + rye + hulled oat, wheat + rye + hulled barley and wheat + rye + triticale in three different ratios of 80:10:10, 70:15:15 and 60:20:20 were milled with an experimental roller mill. The resulted mill streams (six flour streams, one bran stream and one short stream) were analysed in terms of chemical composition, total phenol contents and antioxidant activity. The fractions collected from the reduction passages had higher protein contents than the fractions resulted from break passages. All flour fractions from multigrain milling had lower protein contents than wheat flour fractions. Higher total phenol contents and antioxidant activity were obtained for mill streams resulted through multigrain milling compared to the mill streams resulted from wheat milling. The highest antioxidant activity was registered for fractions resulted from multigrain milling of blends with 20 % hulled barley, triticale and hulled oat.
EFFECTIVE COMPLEX PROCESSING OF RAW TOMATOES
AIDA M. GADZHIEVA(1*), GENNADIY I. KASYANOV(2), NINA A. MUNGIEVA(3), NAIRA M. MUSAEVA(3), NAIDA M. ALIVOVA(3)
Tomatoes grown in the central and southern parts of the country, which contain 5 - 6 % of solids, including 0.13 % of pectin, 0.86 % of fat, 0.5 % of organic acids, 0.5 % minerals, etc. are used as research material. These tomatoes, grown in the mountains, on soils with high salinity, contain high amounts of valuable components and have long term preservation. For the extraction of valuable components from dried tomato pomace, the CO2 extraction method is applied. The technological and environmental feasibility of graded tomato drying in the atmosphere of an inert gas and in a solar drier is evaluated; the scheme of dried tomatoes production is improved; a system for tomato pomace drying is developed; a scheme of tomato powder production from pulp, skin and seeds is developed. The combined method of tomato pomace drying involves the simultaneous use of electromagnetic field of low and ultra-high frequency and blowing hot nitrogen on the product surface. Conducting the drying process in the atmosphere of nitrogen intensifies the process of removing moisture from tomatoes. The expediency of using tomato powder as an enriching additive is proved. Based on the study of the chemical composition of the tomato powder made from the Dagestan varieties, and on the organoleptic evaluation and physicochemical analysis of finished products, we prove the best degree of recoverability of tomato powder in the production of reconstituted juice and tomato beverages.
PYROSEQUENCING AND FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITY IN FRESH WATER LAKE IN SAUDI ARABIA
SAMY SELIM(1,2*), NASHWA HAGAGY(2)
Metagenomics is providing conspicuous advantage to explore world of unculturable microorganisms in the natural samples to enhance our information about bacterial diversity. Here, we have performed metagenomic analysis of fresh water lake with focus on bacterial community using 454 pyrosequencing techniques. Roche GS FLX software indicated total of 156.253 reads; 15.226 contigs having > 100 bp sequence length whereas 10.481 contigs with > 500 bp sequence length. We have analyzed the bacterial community composition using BLASTN/BLASTX against NT/NR databases with E-value cutoff of 10-5. We have observed a wide array of bacteria from phylum proteobacteria and family Enterobacteriaceae as well as very few viruses from Podoviridae, Siphoviridae and unclassified phages. Moreover, a functional analysis of all 5974 contigs using Rapid Annotation by Subsystem Technology (RAST) was performed and detected 15.319 coding sequences and 197 RNAs in 619 subsystems. The great diversity of microflora present in the lake may reflect the human activity in the area.