Volume 28, No. 1 (2019)
Articles
STUDIES ON GENETIC STRUCTURE VARIABILITY AT “DOINIŢA”, LACTUCA SATIVA L. VARIETY
SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ, CREOLA BREZEANU, PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU
Lettuce variety DOINIŢA was created and patentated at SCDL BACĂU. The purpose of the paper is to present a study on the variability of the main traits and their significance for breeding. The main characteristics of the Doiniţa lettuce variety are: semi-early, with the 85-day vegetation period, for the field, the leaves are green color. High tolerance to flowering, recommended for summer - autumn crops. Resistance to aphids attack (Pemphigus bursarius – lettuce root aphids and Nasonovia ribisnigri – lettuce leaves aphids). The head: it is rounded, easly flattened, 15 cm high, 27-28 cm in diameter and 245-250 g in weight. Qualitatively it is noticed by smooth leaves, with pleasant taste. The investigated qualitative parameters were: Vitamin C content = 19.6 mg 100 g-1 fresh product, 1.57% sugar content, 0.75% cellulose content. The annual maintenance of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the variety within its own limits of variability, ensures the identity of its uniformity and stability and is carried out through conservative selection works, carried out by the breeder. Statistical interpretation of data collected after measurement reflected the trait’s variability: - low variability for head’s height (cm) and index shape; - medium variability at head’s diameter (cm) and head’s weight (g); - high variability at weight of seed plant -1 (g). The data presented in the paper emphasize that the DOINIŢA lettuce variety is correctly maintained in the process of conservative selection, the variability limits being the normal ones.
ONE STRAIN OF ENDOPHYTIC PREUSSIA, A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL PARTNER OF TOMATO SEEDLINGS AGAINST ALTERNARIOSIS
CRISTINA TANE(1), LAVINIA BARBU(1), SAMUEL RODRIGUEZ SABINA(2), DANIEL COJANU(1), ANDREEA COSOVEANU(1)
A fungal endophytic strain, isolated from Artemisia sp., identified as Preussia sp. was selected for its potential of plant growth promotion and reduction of pathogen attack, in vitro. The metaorganism tomato - endophytic fungus - fungal pathogen was observed in terms of germination, root and shoot weight, number of leaves and percentage of leaves pairs (1 – 3), index of development, index of necrosis and index of attack. The time sequence employed for the entrance of the partners in the setting was: moment 0 = endophyte, moment 1 = tomato seeds (after 2 days from M0), moment 2 = pathogen (after 14 days from M1) and moment 3 = data collection (after 7 days from M2). A positive influence on germination was observed when all three partners interacted, compared to all variables (all partners “T1” - 100% versus endophytic fungus and seed “C1”- 66.67%, pathogen and seed “C2” - 88.89, seed alone “C3”- 77.78%, respectively). Root and shoot length was improved both when all partners “T1” (root – 7.30 cm, shoot – 4.58 cm) as well as when endophytic fungus and seed partners “C1” (root – 8.40 cm, shoot – 4 cm) were present, compared to seed alone “C3” (root – 7.70 cm and shoot – 2.73 cm) and seed and pathogen partners “C2” (root – 5.74 cm and shoot – 3.06 cm). Although the average number of pairs was similar among the variables (C2 - 1.5; C3 - 1.6; T1 and C1 - 1.7), the percentage of pairs of leaves differed significantly for the percentage of 1 pair of leaves: C3 = 42.9% versus T1 = 11.1%. An improvement was observed in the percentage of 2 pairs of leaves for the case of all partners as well as for the case of endophyte and seed: T1 = 77.78%, C1 = 85.7% versus C2 = 62.5% and C3 = 57.15. Yet, the index of development showed best case when seed was alone and no difference between pathogen or endophyte presence. In terms of the indices of necrosis (IN) and attack (IA), the endophyte was innocuously interacting with seedling (IN and IA = 0) and also when both pathogen and endophyte (T1) were present the seedling presented no symptoms, compared to pathogen and seedling case (C2): IN - T1 = 0 versus C2 = 0.78 and IA – T1 = 0 versus C2 = 11.11.
DOCUMENTING ACHILLEA L. GENUS USING HERBARIUM RECORDS
IOANA MARIA PLEŞCA, TATIANA BLAGA
“Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium owns one of the most important and rich plant collections from Romania. The present article intends to update the database concerning the Achillea L. Genus, as well as to describe the main species, focusing on their corological, morphological or ecological particularities. The study material was composed of 223 vouchers harvested between 1842-1988 by renowned Romanian and foreign specialists. The vouchers originate from our country, as well as from abroad and are in a very good conservation state.
SELECTING THE MOST PROMISING NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS FOR BACĂU COUNTY BY USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
TATIANA BLAGA, IOANA MARIA PLEŞCA, LUCIAN DINCĂ
A significant and growing demand for natural resources of vegetal origin (other than wood) provided by the forest (non-wood forest products) is present nowadays. The goal of this article is to establish the most promising non-wood forest products (NWFPs) from Bacău County. Choosing the most promising NWFPs for Bacau County was made based on a selection criteria prioritized by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. In order to facilitate the pairwise comparisons process used in the AHP technique, we have selected eight NWFPs, namely: truffles (Tuber sp.), penny bun (Boletus edulis), coniferous foliage, blackberries (Rubus sp.), wild cherry (Prunus avium), common nettle (Uritica dioica), honey and wild boar (Sus scrofa). The sensitivity analysis has indicated that truffles, are the products with the highest potential, while the common nettle has the lowest potential. Furthermore, this model provides relevant information on how to manage these resources in the future.
THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOME ORGANIC PRODUCTS ON THE GERMINATION OF CUCUMBER SEEDS
SEBASTIAN -PETRU MUSCALU(1), NECULAI MUNTEANU(2), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), GABRIEL-ALIN IOSOB(3)
The organic products can be integrated very easily into the treatment schemes, also act as biostimulators[. The experiment was performed under laboratory conditions. A number of seven variants were made and each variant in 3 repetitions. The number of seeds used in the variant was 150; 50 for each repetition. After five days the germination rate is 100% at V2 – Blocks 0,25%, V4 – Azotobacter chroococcum 1% and V5 – Bacillus megaterium 1%. At variants V1 – Funres 0,25%, V3 – Azospirillum lipoferum 1%, V6 – Rom-Agrobiofertil NP 3% the germination rate is 99%. In day three, the highest average cucumber seeds germination in all the treated variants was recorded. In conclusion the treated variants (V1-V6) had an average of the germinated seeds higher than the control variant (V7). The speed of germination of cucumber seeds in the variants treated with Funres (V1) and Azotobacter (V4) had the highest percentage (13,776%) on day three. A lower germination rate is observed in the V7 control variant (9,443%).
TYPES OF HABITATS ON LIMESTONE AND SCHIST (METAMORPHIC CRYSTALLINE SCHISTS) GEOLOGICAL SUBSTRATUM IN LEAOTA MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS (ROMANIA)
MAGDALIN LEONARD DOROBĂŢ, CODRUŢA MIHAELA DOBRESCU
In this paper are described several types of habitats installed on two different types of geological substrate, crystalline and limestone shale, all of which are located in the Leaota Massif, in the Southern Carpathian, Romania. One of this tipe of habitat seems to be indifferent to the type of the geological substrate, being encountered on both limestones and crystalline shale, both in lithosol and stabilized or semistabilized scree. Other types of habitats are more selective, more demanding than the geological substrate.
RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE GAMETOPHYTE OF THE FERN ATHYRIUM FILIX-FEMINA (L.) ROTH UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A FUNGICIDE BASED ON FOSETYL-AL
LILIANA CRISTINA SOARE, IONEL MARIUS LINCĂ, CODRUŢA MIHAELA DOBRESCU, OANA ALEXANDRA DRĂGHICEANU
The aim of this paper is to present the changes observed in gametophyte differentiation in the fern Athyrium filix-femina under the action of a fungicide containing fosetyl-aluminium. The biologic material consisted of spores collected from plants found in the Vâlsan Valley. The following experimental variants of culture media were prepared to cultivate the spores: Control (Knop solution), A1 (0.002% fungicide in Knop solution), A2 (0.002% fungicide in Knop solution), and A3 (0.2% fungicide in Knop solution). The spores were cultivated in 100 ml of solution, in culture vessels that were placed in the EKO POL KK growth chamber at 25°C during the day and 15°C during the night with a photoperiod of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. Microscopic observations on gametophyte differentiation were conducted periodically, after 9, 15, 30, 60 and 140 days from the cultivation of spores. The A1 and A2 variants showed a slower gametophyte differentiation than that in the Control variant. No spore germination or gametophyte differentiation was observed in the A3 variant. Thus, at the end of the experiment, the most affected was the A3 variant, with ungerminated spores, followed by the A2 variant, which was at the stage of elongated lamellate prothalli with short rhizoids or necrotic prothallial cells and filaments, while in the C variant, the gametophyte was at the stage of elongated prothalli with antheridia and cordiform prothalli. The least affected variant was A1, where the gametophyte exposed to the lower concentration of fungicide reached the end of the experiment at a stage close to that in the Control variant.
STUDY OF SOME TOMATOES BREEDING LINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU, CREOLA BREZEANU, SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ
The preference of farmers is usually influenced by the economic benefits gained by using traditional varieties that are productive but can also survive to environmental adversities. Old, local varieties perfectly adapted to environmental conditions, featured by increased productivity, can represent a starting breeding material. The market request/ preference in terms of taste, flavor, colour, size and shape. Romanian consumers prefer red, big and sweet fruits (high content of soluble solids, uniformity of fruits shape and color, shape index around 1, average weight 150 g fruit, with high lycopene content). The knowledge of the morphological and physiological characteristics of tomato parents is an essential condition for breeding. In the present study, after a careful investigation of the main characteristics, from the field of collection, which included over 250 cultivars, 4 parents, with determined growth (SP +) were promoted. The promotion of parents from the base field to the working field was made on the basis of the genetic stability of the main characteristics pursued in the process of breeding. Four improved lines that met the characteristics that we stabilized over time, using as a comparison the control Unibac variety, within the breeding program carried out at S.C.D.L. Bacau. Biometric measurements and observations were performed at all parents promoted in the field of work, using UPOV criteria as assessment standards. The study has shown that parents who gave the best results by crossing with the analyzing parent proved to be the best at crossover. Compared to the control (Unibac variety), all four homozygous advanced lines achieve total production of over 80 t ha-1. The lines exhibit increased resistance against to the attack of pathogens.
SEED TREATMENTS TO IMPROVE SEED GERMINATION PARAMETERS OF SOME VEGETABLE SPECIES
CRISTINA PETRIŞOR, CONSTANTINA CHIRECEANU, ANDREI CHIRILOAIE-PALADE
Obtaining quality seedlings from vegetable species is essential for field crop productivity. In most cases, the low seed germination capacity is an impediment to achieving this goal. Treating seeds with different solutions of natural compounds or suspensions of beneficial microorganisms for improving seed germination parameters is an ecological and viable solution in the field. The present study presents results obtained in vitro regarding the effect of seed treatments with Trichoderma strains and salicylic acid on germination parameters (percentage and rate) for three species of vegetables, beans, onions and peppers. The experiments confirmed the positive effect of both salicylic acid and Trichoderma treatments on the germination percentage and rate for seeds of all species studied compared to the control variants. Trichoderma spores treatments with 1x107 spore/mL concentration gave the best results.
THE EFFECTS OF NICKEL ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FERNS
OANA ALEXANDRA DRĂGHICEANU, CODRUŢA MIHAELA DOBRESCU, MONICA POPESCU, LILIANA CRISTINA SOARE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and biochemical changes induced by nickel in the gametophye and sporophyte of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Dryopteris filix-mas L. Schott and Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. The spores were uniformly distributed on the surface of sterilized soil with different Ni content: Control = 0 g Ni2+, V1 = 0.1 g Ni2+, V2 = 0.2 g Ni2+, V3 = 0.5 g Ni2+, and V4 = 1 g Ni2+. The variants were kept in the growing room and periodically watered with distilled water for 4 months. During this period we made observations on the development of gametophytes and sporophytes. After that we determined the content of photosynthetic pigments and total polyphenols. The effect of Ni on the content of pigments varied depending on species. In Dryopteris filix-mas there were no significant differences between the chlorophyll content from Control and V1, but for the other variants we observed a downward trend for both chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid content. Chlorophyll b is more sensitive to Ni than chlorophyll a in Dryopteris affinis and Athyrium filix-femina. In Athyrium filix-femina, the highest content of polyphenols was obtained in the first variant. Generally, the polyphenol content tended to increase in the variants with Ni compared to the Control, confirming their protective role against heavy metal stress.
EXTRACTION AND ESTIMATION OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN CABBAGE SEEDLING LEAVES (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. SILVIANA VARIETY) GROWN IN SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM AND COPPER
GABRIEL-ALIN IOSOB(1), VALENTIN NEDEFF(2), MARIA PRISECARU(3), TINA OANA CRISTEA(4)
Vegetables are essential in human diet and the presence of HM in excess it is a global issue that threaten plant health, wildlife and people [4]. This study was conducted under the protocol OECD 208. And values of Cd and Cu solutions were established in Order no. 756/3 November 1997 with regard to traces of chemical elements in the soil. Chlorophyll pigments evaluation was performed following the protocol of Lichtenthaler (1987) [11]. After data analysis the difference observed between the amount of Chl a and Chl b was very small in all the variants studied. The largest amount of total chlorophyll and the small amount of carotenoids it was determined variant tow (V2 = 100 mg Cu). And coefficient of variation for photosynthetic pigments is not greater than 0.45%.
RESEARCHES ON SAXICOLOUS BRYOPHYTES FROM THE NORTH – WESTERN AREA OF LEAOTA MOUNTAINS
CODRUŢA MIHAELA DOBRESCU, MAGDALIN LEONARD DOROBĂŢ
The paper presents a review of some the saxicolous bryophytes species in the N-V Leaota Mountains, An analysis of the bryophytes has been made according to ecological indices - temperature, humidity, luminosity, pH. We have identified 24 species all the data being cited for the first time for the respective area. The analysis of the species requirements towards the main ecological factors highlights the specific characteristics of the studied region and allows the formation of an overview of the ratio between the bryophytes and the particularities of the substrate.
OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE ISOLATED MICROBIOTA FROM KOMBUCHA TEA
DUMITRA RADUCANU(1), TEODORA ESCARU(1), ANA-MARIA GEORGESCU(2)
The Kombucha product is based on 3 ingredients: sugar, black tea and a complex of yeasts and acetic acid-producing bacteria that have received the botanical name of Medusomices gisevii. The objectives of this paper were: testing of favorable culture media to the growth of microorganisms in Kombucha; measuring the pH of the drink throughout the fermentation; performing macroscopic and microscopic observations on the cultures developed on the tested media, performing simple stains and Gram stains; quantitative assessment of biomass developed on culture media. The experiments confirmed that not all culture media favored the development of microorganisms present in Kombucha tea. The culture medium for Acetobacter was the solid medium that allowed the best development of the colonies compared to the malt and yeast media, which allowed a reduced development. In the case of jealous medium, this did not allow the development of colonies. The most favorable liquid medium was the broth medium, followed by the medium with peptonated water and finally the medium with malt extract.
STUDY ON THE FRUIT MORPHOLOGY AND AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.) VARIETIES WITH DETERMINATED AND UNDETERMINATED GROWTH
ANA MARIA NECHITA(1), NELLY-LILI FINARU(1), CRINA-ANDREEA ANTAL(1), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), GABRIEL-ALIN IOSOB(2)
Agricultural biodiversity is an essential element of biodiversity highly threatened now-a-days by the environmental stresses and consumers pressure. Thus, a knowledge-based understanding and conservation is a crucial condition for the future of food security. The assortment of tomatoes genotypes offers a gene pool for future breeding as it may contain traits that can be useful for the development of new varieties and hybrids with enhanced quantitative and qualitative features. In this study, a screening of 50 varieties and local population of tomato was achieved. These varieties were cultivated in greenhouse, one of the objective of study being the identification of plant type of growth and the differences between them from morphological, physiological and agronomical point of view. The paper presents the results of the biometric measurements on phenotype characteristics, such as fruit weight, height, diameter, the content in dry matter and type of growth of tomato plants cultivated in greenhouses.
CYTOGENETIC RESPONSE OF EXOGENOUS ADITTION OF SILVER NITRATE IN CULTURE MEDIA DESIGNED FOR MASS PROPAGATION OF ALLIUM CEPA PLANTS
TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), MARIA CALIN(1), SILVIA AMBARUS(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), GABRIEL-ALIN IOSOB(2), NELLY FÂNARU(1), ANA MARIA NECHITA(1), MARIA PRISECARU(3)
Silver nitrate is a powerful tool for any tissue culture protocol as it is an inhibitor of ethylene action which negatively affects callus growth, shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis in vitro. Various types of abnormalities were reported by the treatment of heavy metals at the cell and tissue levels, affecting apical elongation zones of the root apex. In particular, Ag toxicity primarily targets the cell wall, cytoskeleton, nuclear materials and plasma membrane. The strong binding affinity of Ag with oxygen donor ligands affects retardation, cell division and growth (Sudhakar, 2001). The results of our study demonstrated that the addition of silver nitrate in culture medium influences both the morphogenetic reaction of explants and the cytogenetic structure of regenerated plants. The observations showed agradual decrease in mitotic index, with increasing concentration of the silver nitrate. This antimitotic effect may be due to the arrest of cell division due to changes at in the chromosomal morphology or spindle orientation. A thorough screening of the chromosomalabnormalities showed that the total number of abnormal cells increased with increasing concentrations of silver nitrate in a dose dependent manner
A COMPARATIVE MORPHO - ANATOMICAL RESEARCH IN RHODIOLA ROSEA L. (GOLDEN ROOT) IN CONVENTIONAL AND IN VITRO CULTURES
DANIEL-IOAN MAFTEI(1), DIANA-ELENA MAFTEI(2*)
Rhodiola rosea L. was thoroughly studied from the pharmaceutical viewpoint, though the histo-anatomical research is scarce. In view of evincing the histo-anatomical structure of Rhodiola rosea L., cross sections were effected through roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves. The comparative research was effected both on plants originating in their native habitat (Ceahlău mountains), and on plantlets provided in vitro. The Rhodiola rosea L. plants regenerated in vitro displayed, after acclimatization and cultivation in their native environment, an anatomical structure similar to the plants from spontaneous flora, their physiological activity being normal.
THE VARIATION OF SOME MAIN ECOLOGICAL FACTORS (TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY) ON LIMESTONE SCREE SURFACES, GHIMBAV MOUNTAIN, SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS (ROMANIA)
MAGDALIN LEONARD DOROBĂŢ, CODRUŢA MIHAELA DOBRESCU
This article presents the results we have obtained regarding the continuous monitoring, for five months, of the ecological factors temperature and relative humidity at the surface of a thicket of calcareous origin, located in Ghimbav Mountain (Leaota Massif, Southern Carpathians). This article presents the results we have obtained regarding the continuous monitoring, for five months, of the ecological factors temperature and relative humidity at the surface of a thicket of calcareous origin, located in Ghimbav Mountain (Leaota Massif, Southern Carpathians). The results show that the variations of temperature, but also of the relative humidity depend on the period of the day, depend on the weather, but also on the location, on the position in the scree.
THE EFFECTS OF SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT OF TWO SPECIES FROM LAMIACEAE FAMILY CULTIVATED IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM
CONSTANTIN LUNGOCI(1), SABINA-IOANA LEFTER(1), ANDREEA-NICOLETA NAZARE(1), TEODOR ROBU(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(2)
The cultivation of medicinal plants in the ecological system is a topical topic, with an increasing emphasis. The society is aware that products of plant origin that are not subjected to an industrialization process and are used directly in food and therapy should be free of chemical residues (chemical fertilizers, pesticides). The two plants studied are important for the aromatic and spicy role they have in the food alimentation, but also for the antiseptic capacity given by linalool (basil) and carvacrol (thyme). The study synthesizes a series of biometric and physiological determinations that highlight the productivity of herba mass and volatile oil. Planting was done at a distance of 70 cm between rows and 35 cm respectively 28 plants between rows. Harvesting of plants for the determination was done in full bloom. The obtained results show that for the variety with the highest foliar surface the volatile oil content is significant, of 2.4 ml / kg, and the highest quantity of herba was obtained for the variety with the most branches. The drying efficiency was 1: 2.1 for Lemon and Vert and 1: 1.7.
OPTIMIZATION OF MICROWAVE EXTRACTION METHOD OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS FROM MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. VITROPLANTS
ANA - MARIA RADOMIR, IONELA - CĂTĂLINA GUŢĂ, ELENA - COCUŢA BUCIUMEANU, MARIANA LETIŢIA PÎRVU
Polyphenols are an important class of bioactive compounds with many pharmacological effects: antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumoral, antimicrobial and antiviral effect. This study aimed to optimizing the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from Melissa officinalis vitroplants by maximizing the total polyphenols content of the extracts. The concentration of extraction solvent, temperature and time of extraction were optimized parameters in the experiment. The following optimum extraction parameters were established: plant material/solvent ratio 1/10 (w/V), extraction solvent ethanol 70%, extraction temperature 40°C, extraction time 10 minutes, microwave power 250 W, magnetic stirring 200 rpm. By using MAE were obtained extracts rich in polyphenols which can replace synthetic antioxidants and can be used in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry.
AN OVERVIEW ON THE IMPORTANCE, SPREAD, SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE MOUNTAIN ARNICA
DIANA-ELENA MAFTEI
Arnica montana L. is a valuable medicinal species, one of the best-known homeopathic remedies. It is an alpine plant, grow¬ing in nutrient-poor soil. It can poten¬tially reach a height of 60 cm, but this is unusual given the harsh conditions at high altitudes. It grows in meadows up to 3,000 metres above sea level, where it is exposed to strong sunlight. The higher the altitude, the more aro¬matic the plant will become. It is spread throughout the entire Europe. Arnica (mountain arnica) is included in the Compositae family, about 30cm tall, with yellow flowers that bloom in June-July. The inflorescences are used (Arnicae flos) in therapy and comprise volatile oil (0.05 - 0.15%).
RESEARCH ON THE USE OF BACTERIAL BIOPREPARATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS OF VEGETABLES
GEORGE TOADER(1*), CONSTANTIN CHIURCIU(2), VIORICA CHIURCIU(2), NISTOR MAIEREAN(2), PETRU SEVCIUC(2), PAUL CHIŢONU(2), CĂTĂLIN IONUŢ ENEA(3), MARIA CĂLIN(4), FLOAREA BURNICHI(5), LEONARD ILIE(6)
This paper has the role to promote certain sustainable production systems, diversified and balanced, in order to prevent pollution of agricultural crops, the environment, the conversion of agri-food waste (whey) into veterinary medical products as well as the implementation of green, non-polluting technologies in the agricultural sector. The purpose of this work is to present and use the newest innovative technologies into the agricultural field and replace the traditional polluting products (chemical fertilizers), so that the farmers can reaches a much greater potential over the recorded productions.
MORPHOGENETIC STUDIES CONCERNING THE MAIN HAPLOID PATHWAYS "IN VITRO" AT BRASSICA OLERACEA var. ITALICA L.
TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), MARIA CALIN(1), GABRIEL -ALIN IOSOB(2), NELLY FÂNARU(1), ANA MARIA NECHITA(1), MARIA PRISECARU(3)
The present paper aims at carrying out an integrative study to establish the most effective method of obtaining haploid plants in Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata, using "in vitro" culture, respectively androgenesis and non-fecunded ovary culture - ginogenesis, an alternative method of producing haploid plants, less mentioned in the literature at Brassica, but with which haploid plants and isogenic lines have been successfully obtained in other species. The study revealed the superiority of anther cultures in the initiation of cultures dedicatet to the production of haploid plants in Brassica oleracea L. The success of these cultures "in vitro" depends both on genotype and on culture conditions.
INFLUENCE OF SOME BIOFERTILIZERS ON CUCUMBER PLANTS IN ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEM
SEBASTIAN-PETRU MUSCALU(1), NECULAI MUNTEANU(2), MARIA CĂLIN(1)
The paper presents the experimental results of using some ecological fertilizers and their effect on the cucumber crop from an ecological/organic agricultural system. Seven fertilizers were used: Funres, Blocks, A. lipoferum, A. chroococcum, B. megaterium, Rom-Agrobiofertil NP, Cropmax, by comparison with control (untrated). The least plants affected by the disease P. lachrymans attack are found in the variant treated with A. lipoferum (V3), with a percentage of 12%. It was observed that the highest ratio between the number of fruits and the number of plants was identified in the variant treated with Rom-Agrobiofertil NP (V6) and it is 66 fruits to 33 plants, namely 2:1.
BREEDING FOR RESILIENT, EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC VEGETABLE PRODUCTION SCDL BACAU ROLE IN BRESOV H2020 PROJECT - DEVELOPMENT OF POPULATIONS, ADVANCED BREEDING LINES AND IMPROVED GENETIC MATERIAL FOR EUROPEAN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
CREOLA BREZEANU(1), FERDINANDO BRANCA(2), ROBERTO PAPA(3), ELENA BITTIOCHI(3), JUAN JOSÉ FERREIRA(4), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), SILVICA AMBARUS(1), MARIA CĂLIN(1), CRINA ANDREEA ANTAL(1), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1)
The general objective is to develop high-quality, resilient cultivars for snap bean adapted to organic agriculture based on a set of materials identified in early stages of the project (BREEDING SET) based on already existing available information. In this way, we focussed on exploiting available genetic diversity from the newly assembled BRESOV repository plus selected plant materials developed. Selection and breeding schemes, including complementary hybridization, backcross breeding and pyramiding breeding, performed, will be used to select and develop new materials specifically adapted to organic breeding. Phenotyping kits developed for bean crop were used for selection of complex traits related to resilience under organic conditions, specifically tolerance or resistance to crop-specific relevant abiotic and/or biotic stresses. The activity will allow us to select germplasm in the BRESOV repository that are resilient, and adapted to organic agriculture, to identify sources of tolerance or resistance to prevalent pests and diseases under organic conditions, to breed new elite resilient materials for organic agriculture, and to evaluate quality traits for selecting high-added value cultivars and materials for organic agriculture.
STUDY OF SOLANACEAE AND CUCURBITACEAE DISEASES
MARIA CALIN(1), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), GABRIEL ALIN IOSOB(2), PETRE SEBASTIAN MUSCALU(1), MARIA PRISECARU(3)
Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae diseases represent an important limitative factor of crop varieties. The study include the following topics: study of genetic resources and breeding technologies for increasing disease resistance, protected crop experiments, Mycology, fruit quality study in the context of climate change, plant propagation, biostimulators and abiotic stress, different responses of the plant immune systems, possibilities for the practical application of valuable genes in increasing the tolerance or resistance to pathogens of solanaceous plants, rapid identification of genes for resistance and sensitivity, new methods for sustainable resistance to pathogens and pests, new methods of transmitting resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, with an extended intersection between pathways / pathways for resistance to pathogens and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. This review highlights the latest research in the diseases and application of new methos in the management of the control of various pathogens, in protected areas and fields, at variety of Solanaceae and Cucurbitacea species grown in organical or conventional system, in the current context of climate change. The study are interdisciplinary area with genetics and physiology of plants, as well as the multiple interactions with the environment, including biotic and abiotic stress. Also the new technologies offer possibilities to modernize the methods and practices of cultivation in the field and protected areas, as well as obtaining valuable results in the implementation of a diverse range of techniques applied in the monitoring and control of the attack of the various pathogens.
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT METHODS USED IN PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) CROP IN EUROPEAN UNION
LORENA-ROXANA GURAU, IOAN RADU
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles started from pest identification and pursues assessing the effect of pest management. Approaches for managing pest are organized in: biological control, crop management, mechanical and physical controls as well as chemical control. Several of them can be used only by taking into account the regulatory framework of an area. Biological control for pepper crop pest mainly includes the use of biopesticides. Nowadays, the scientific paradigm is focused on establishing and introducing innovative biocontrol solutions. Thus, the scientific research results are disseminated in dedicated events within European Union. The aim of this study is to present IPM methods available for Europeans eager to eradicate the use of chemical products in pepper crop.
THE POTENTIAL OF CUCURBITACEAE VEGETABLES TO BE USED AS MEDICINAL, FOOD AND DECORATIVE
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ(1), CRINA ANDREEA ANTAL(1), NELLY LILI FÎNARU(1), ANA MARIA NECHITA(1), SABINA IOANA LEFTER(2)
In last decades, when many diseases were associated to lifestyle, especially to food quality, researcher attention was guided to find alternative sources in nature. Nowadays, a large range of crops has been identified to play an important role in different industries as follows: food, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, medicinal, decorative etc. Cucurbitaceae species are valuable resources thanks to their nutritional quality. The chemical content of Cucurbitaceae species allows mainly the usage of fruits, seeds, flowers as raw material for multiple purposes. The aim of paper was to present a part of Cucurbitaceae genetic resources in order to highlight the enormous potential of species to be used in different purposes as food, medicinal, decorative. The paper presents a list of spontaneous and cultivated Cucurbitaceae in Romanian region, used as medicinal, food and decorative. Our study provides information about their traditional medicinal use. In investigated region, Cucurbitaceae species are cultivated mainly for their use as vegetables and spices. For species falling under the genera Lagenaria, Cucurbita, Citrullus, Luffa, Momordica the study presented information related to nutritional profile and yield potential of the most valuable cucurbit genetic resources included in our breeding programs.