Volume 13, No. 1 (2012)
Articles
NEW SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO FUNCTIONALIZED α METHYLENE γ BUTYROLACTAMS. A NEW ACCESS TO β HYDROXYMETHYLATED MODELS OF HIGH SYNTHETIC POTENTIALITY <br/> α MÉTHYLÈNE γ BUTYROLACTAMES Á HAUT POTENTIEL SYNTHÉTIQUE. SYNTHÈSE DES DÉRIVÉS γ ALKYLÉS β HYDROXYMÉTHYLÉS
GWENAËLLE LIBERGE(1, 2), STEPHANE LEBRUN(1, 2)ANDAXEL COUTURE(1, 3), PIERRE GRANDCLAUDON(1, 2*)
A new technique for the elaboration of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactams hydroxymethylated at the β-position has been developed. This new synthetic approach is based upon the preliminary assembly of N protected and γ-carboxylated analogues. A subsequent reduction / elimination sequence and ultimate N-deprotection completed the synthesis of the titled compounds.
DEMONSTRATION OF HETEROARYLMETHANE OXIDATION IN A BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVE WITH THE USE OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION
KHALID ATTAR(1), YOUSSEF KANDRI RODI(2), MOHAMED BENCHIDMI(1), AMAL HAOUDI(2), FRÉDÉRIC CAPET(3), CHRISTIAN ROLANDO(4), EL MOKHTAR ESSASSI(1, 5*)
In this work, we present the synthesis of a copper complex of 1-benzyl-2-[(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)methyl]-benzimidazole, by using simultaneously UV spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. It has been possible for us to highlight an original oxidation of benzylbenzimidazole group in such complex leading to ketone. A kinetic study carried out by UV spectrophotometry shows well that the oxidation reaction proceeds according to the first-order kinetic law: K = 9.4×10-4 s-1 and t½ = 12.4 min.
CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND INSECTICIDAL EVALUATION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF Mentha suaveolens L. AND Mentha pulegium L. GROWING IN MOROCCO
NISRIN BENAYAD(1*), WEAAM EBRAHIM(2**)ANDABDELHAK HAKIKI(1), MAHJOUBA MOSADDAK(1)
In this study the chemical composition and insecticidal evaluation of the essential oil of Mentha suaveolens L. and Mentha pulegium L. which are growing in Morocco were investigated. The volatile extract was isolated using hydro-distillation technique followed by continuous liquid-liquid fractionation (Water / Ethyl acetate). The essential oil was then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The major compounds which are characterized in the essential oil of Mentha suaveolens L. were piperitenone (1) (33.03%), pulegone (2) (17.61%), piperitone (3) (9.18%); and of Mentha pulegium L. were pulegone (2) (73.33%), menthone (4) (8.63%). The study of the insecticidal activity of the essential oils on two species of devastating insects of the stored foodstuffs: Sitophilus oryzae and Rizopertha dominica was investigated. The mortality percentage of the species of insects was recorded in the first hours of treatment by the essential oils in the amount of 3, 12 and 50 µL.
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM Securidaca longepedunculata Fers. GROWING IN BENIN
GUY ALAIN ALITONOU(1), ALAIN YAYA KOUDORO(1), JUSTINE SOSSOU DANGOU(1), BONIFACE YEHOUENOU(1), FELICIEN AVLESSI(1), SALAMI ADEOTI(2), CHANTAL MENUT(3), DOMINIQUE C.K. SOHOUNHLOUE(1*)
The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of roots bark of Securidacaca longepedunculata Fers. (Polygalaceae) growing in Savalou, Biguinan and Gbegrou (Benin) were analyzed using capillary GC and GC/MS. Seven compounds representing (99.5%; 99.1%; 99.3%) respectively of the oils were identified. The major compound was found to be methyl salicylate respectively (98.0%; 98.6%; 98.7%). The antimicrobial activity of these oils was found to be high, and medium antiradical activity was observed.
SYNTHESIS AND INFRARED STUDY OF SOME HYDROGENOMOLYBDATO AND MOLYBDATO ADDUCTS OF SbF<sub>3</sub>, HgPh<sub>2</sub> AND MX<sub>2</sub> <br/> (M = Cd, Hg; X = Cl, Br)
SERIGNE FALLOU POUYE(1), IBRAHIMA CISSE(1*), LIBASSE DIOP(1)ANDDJIBRIL FALL(2), MOUNIROU CISS(2)
Seven molybdato and hydrogenomolybdato new adducts with HgPh2, HgCl2, HgBr2, CdCl2, CdBr2 and SbF3 have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The suggested structures are discrete, the oxyanions behaving as polychelating ligands. When non symmetrical cations are involved, supramolecular architectures are obtained.
KINETIC STUDIES ON BIODEGRADATION OF LIPIDS FROM OLIVE OIL MILL WASTEWATERS WITH FREE AND IMMOBILIZED Bacillus sp. CELLS
ANCA-IRINA GALACTION(1), DAN CASCAVAL(2*), ROXANA ROTARU(2), ANCA MARCELA LUPASTEANU(2), MARIUS TURNEA(1)
The studies on the biodegradation of lipids from olive oil mill wastewater with free and immobilized Bacillus sp. cells indicated that the maximum specific rate of the process is reached at pH = 8. The use of immobilized cells allows to increasing the number of biodegradation process cycles, but reduces the rate of the process. In this case, the process rate depends on the biocatalysts size and cells concentration inside them. Thus, at bacterial cells concentration of 9 g d.w./100 mL biocatalyst, the apparent specific rate varied from 4.65 to 1.46×10-2 h-1by increasing the biocatalyst particles diameter from 3 to 4.2 mm. The cumulated influences of the particles size and cells concentration have been included in a mathematical model for the apparent specific rate of lipids biodegradation. The model offers a good concordance with the experimental data, the average deviation being of +/-7.38%.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION FOR BIOETHANOL OBTAINING FROM INULIN AND INULIN RICH FEEDSTOCK
CAMELIA (BONCIU) NEAGU(*), GABRIELA BAHRIM
Bioethanol serves as liquid fuel or gasoline enhancer in many countries in response to the progressive depletion of the world’s energetic resources. Production of bioethanol from inulin rich raw materials has been a subject of great interest for many years due to the large amount of existing and not completely developed technologies. The aim of this work was to study three different methods for hydrolysis and fermentation of pure inulin and Jerusalem artichoke flour: separate hydrolysis by A. niger MIUG 1.15 strain as active producer of inulinase, in stationary phase and under agitation, followed by fructose fermentation and simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of inulin and Jerusalem artichoke flour respectively, in order to increase the yield of biotransformation of substrate into ethanol. The highest amount of ethanol was formed during simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation, for both pure inulin and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers used as raw materials, of 16.2 g∙L-1 and 28.1 g∙L-1 respectively.
RHEOLOGIC BEHAVIOR OF PASTRY CREAMS
CAMELIA VIZIREANU(*), AURELIA IONESCU, DANIELA ISTRATI, FELICIA DIMA
The increased social and economic importance of ready–made food production, together with the complexity of production technology, processing, handling and acceptance of these fragile and perishable products requires extensive knowledge of their physical properties. Viscoelastic properties play an important role in the handling and quality attributes of creams. Our study was to investigate the rheological properties of different confectionary creams, by scanning the field of shear rates at constant temperature and frequency, angular frequency scanning at small deformations and quantification of rheological changes during application of deformation voltages. The creams tested were made in the laboratory using specific concentrates as fine powders, marketed by the company Dr. Oetker compared with similar creams based on traditional recipes and techniques. Following the researches conducted we could conclude that both traditional creams and the instant ones are semi fluid food products with pseudoplastic and thixotropic shear flow behavior, with structural viscosity. Instant and traditional creams behaved as physical gels with links susceptible to destruction, when subjected to deformation forces.
EFFECT OF MARINATION WITH PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES ON QUALITY OF BEEF MUSCLE
DANIELA ISTRATI(*), CAMELIA VIZIREANU, FELICIA DIMA, RODICA DINICĂ
During storage and thermal treatment meat suffers a number of biochemical and physical-chemical changes in the substrate protein, changes that take place with varying intensity depending on the method of preservation utilized and temperature of thermal treatment applied. Application of different treatments aimed to influence the proteolytic activity as is the case of enzymatic tenderization of beef. Improving the meat tenderness with proteolytic enzymes is promising, but current legislation restricting the use of proteolytic enzymes from bacterial origin and recommended tenderizers salts containing papain, ficin and bromelain. Recent research revealed that meat marinating before grilling results in a reduction of heterocyclic amine content after thermal treatment. Also, the addition of fruit pulp, garlic or other spices contributes to decreased production of heterocyclic amines because of their antioxidant activity. In the present study was aimed influence of exogenous proteolytic enzymes on adult beef tenderness. To increase the tenderness of adult beef were used exogenous enzymes preparations (papain and bromelain) and natural sources of enzymes using pineapple and papaya fruit. It was intended to establish the correlation between enzymatic activity of enzymes used in the study, the processing technology and changes in the physical-chemical and biochemical characteristics that occur during storage in refrigerated conditions (evolution of the rigidity index and water holding capacity, cooking losses and cooking yield of the samples injected/marinated with enzymes).
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF THE SURFACE LAYER STRUCTURE ON INCONEL 600 OXIDIZED IN A CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE
ABDALLAH HAOUAM(1*), KAMEL DAWI(2), BACHIR MERZOUG(1)
Samples of Inconel 600 were isothermally oxidized in a controlled atmosphere with a special mounting at high-temperature oxidation. Along with this experimental study, a simulation of thermodynamic behavior of the material in the same oxidation conditions was carried out using the Thermo-Calc code. The thermodynamic modeling is able to predict the phase nature and its distribution in the structure of the surface layer resulting from the corrosion of the material in thermodynamic equilibrium in the absence of mechanical stress. The results of this simulation are supplemented to results obtained from the analysis by glow discharge spectrometry (GDS) which is performed on the samples tested.
PHOTOCATALYSIS–MEMBRANE SEPARATION COUPLING REACTOR: REMOVAL OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM WATER
NOUREDDINE ELBARAKA(2), NABIL SAFFAJ(1*), SAAD ALAMI YOUNSSI(3)ANDRACHID MAMOUNI(2), ABDELATIF LAKNIFLI(2), ABDERAHMAN ALBIZANE(3)AND ZOUHAIR BARHON(3)
This work reports the photodegradation process of methylene blue in a membrane photoreactor by using TiO2 as the photocatalyst and phosphate microfiltration membrane as separation barrier recovery and recycle the photocalysts particles. The rejection rate of the TiO2 photocatalyst particles reaches 99.9% and the degradation rate of methylene blue is 75% in 1 hour of filtration.
Me<sub>4</sub>NOH(SnX<sub>5</sub>NMe<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (X = Cl, Br): SYNTHESIS, IR AND MÖSSBAUER STUDIES
AMINATA DIASSE-SARR(1*), LIBASSE DIOP(1), BERNARD MAHIEU(2)
Allowing Me4NOH to react with SnX4 (X = Cl, Br), yields Me4NOH(SnX5NMe4)2. Their IR and Mössbauer studies have allowed suggesting supramolecular structures, the environment around the tin center being octahedral.