Volume 24, No. 1 (2015)
Articles
UTILIZATION OF ONION LANDRACES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA FOR DEHYDRATION AND CHILLING
RUKIE AGIC(1), GORDANA POPSIMONOVA(1), ZVEZDA BOGEVSKA(1), MARGARITA DAVITKOVSKA(1), AFRODITA IBUSOSKA(2)
Market demand of specific onion products imposes certain changes in the primary production. In the Republic of Macedonia, only since recently some of processed type, such as dried, minced and frozen diced onion attracts buyer’s attention. Development of onion processing industry makes the marketing and sales of the total production easer and provides safer economic environment for the onion growers. Local landraces that are mainly used for the processing industry belong to the groups of pungent onions and sweet onions. The pungent onions, being characterized with higher content of dry matter are used for dehydration and granulation or mincing. The shape of their bulb is flat to flat-round, well covered with yellow outer scales. Average dray mater content in the group of pungent landraces amounts more than 16%. One kg produce of dry onion is obtained by 8-9 kg of raw material. Sweet onions in the Republic of Macedonia are mainly sold frozen, as a whole pilled bulb, or diced in different sizes. Compared to the pungent onions, this group of landraces is characterized by lower content of dry mater, ranging from 9% up to 10%. The analyses carried out have indicated that due to the higher amount of raw material (15 kg) required for 1 kg of frozen produce, these landraces can not utilized for dehydration.
COLLECTING OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) AND LEEK (ALLIUM PORRUM L.) LANDARACES IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE FOR FURTHER EX-SITU CONSERVATION
RUKIE AGIC(1), GORDANA POPSIMONOVA(1), MIRJANA VASIĆ(2), JELICA GVOZDANOVIĆ VARGA(2), VIDA TODOROVIC(3), STEPHAN NEYKOV(4), ASTRIT BALLIU(5), ZDRAVKO MATOTAN(6), LUTVIJA KARIC(7), MARIA CALIN(8), JELKA ŠUŠTAR-VOZLIČ(9), SKENDER KACIU(10), DUKAGJIN ZEKA(10)
The SEEDnet program (South East European Development Network on Plant Genetic Resources) was established with the purpose of supporting the countries in their efforts to establish and strengthen national and regional activities on PGR with special focus on conservation, utilization, collaboration and networking among the stakeholders at both national and regional levels. During this period, SEEDNET project have enormously contributed to the management of vegetable genetic resources in South East countries, in national and regional level. Collaboration among the countries has been crucial for harmonization and transfer of the data and extend the scope of joint activities to the whole range of vegetable crops, obtained new knowledge tool for their conservation, long term preservation of accessions, strengthen collaborations and sharing responsibilities among vegetable working group. In the framework of the regional project “Inventorying and collecting of indigenous onion (Allium cepa L.) and leek Allium porrum L. germplasm for further ex-situ conservation“, coordinated by Macedonia, following the work plan from 2007-2010, 10 countries (Macedonia, Serbia, R. Srpska, Bugaria, Albania, Croatia, BIH, Romania, Slovenia, Kosovo,) have focused on inventory and collecting the onion and leek landraces from predicted areas. The vegetable working groups from participated countries organized several collection missions from 2007 to 2010. As a result of the whole activities from all project partners 584 accessions from 127 areas were inventoried and collected. Collected seed accessions have been documented in the vegetable crop data base accompanied by adequate passport information following the EURISCO descriptors, later transferring to the main database, partially evaluated and uploaded in EURISCO.
THE USE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN AGRICULTURE: A SWOT ANALYSIS
DUMITRA RĂDUCANU(1), ELENA GOLDAN(2), VIOREL IOAN RATI(1), STEVE HENRI VOUNDI OLUGU(3), IULIANA LAZAR(4)
The use of sewage sludge in agriculture is an efficient method from the economic point of view and is also sustainable from an ecologic perspective. However, intense debates on this topic occur nowadays because of the possible damage on population, flora and fauna. The aim of this paper is to highlight the use context of sewage sludge in agriculture reported to European Union countries. As main strong points, we identified certain beneficial impact on the biological, physical and chemical characteristics of soil, due to soil nutrients that are taken from the organic components of the waste. The economic costs are also reduced by replacing chemical fertilizers. But, low levels of investment and the limited capacity of the local authorities contributes to the use of the sewage sludge in agriculture on a reduced scale. The existing legislation that facilitates the development of viable markets for the processed sewage sludge is an opportunity. The risk of accumulation of pollutants in soil (heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens) and their bioaccumulation in various trophic levels is obviously a reality. According to the results of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis a detailed matrix based on row data was realized. From the literature review, we noted an increased number of risks presented especially in recent years. Based on the conducted studies we suggest that all responsible factors should pay an increased attention to the use of sludge in agriculture.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MACROALGAL QUALITATIVE STRUCTURE IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROMANIAN BLACK SEA COAST
OANA MARIN(1), DACIANA SAVA(2), MANUELA SAMARGIU(20
As a general conclusion, under the current environmental conditions, in the southern sector of the Romanian shore, a more diverse macroalgal flora develops comparing with the northern part. In the mediolittoral area dominates the green algae belt, composed of opportunistic species: genera Ulva and Cladophora during warm season, respectively Urospora and Ulothrix during the cold period.
PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON ARNICA MONTANA L. PROVIDED IN VITRO
DIANA ELENA MAFTEI(1), DANIEL IOAN MAFTEI(2), DAN – IOAN VÂRBAN(3)
Arnica montana L. is a rare and valuable medicinal species. Arnica (mountain arnica) is a plant in the family Compositae, about 30-50 cm tall, with yellow flowers that bloom in June-July. The inflorescences are used (Arnicae flos) and they contain volatile oil (0.05-0.15%). Used externally as an anti-inflammatory, and in external bruises, sprains, arthritis, phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, venotonic, varicose veins, etc. Used internally, it causes gastrointestinal disorders and hypertension. The study aims at the in vitro micropropagation of this species, in view of repopulating some native habitats of this species in Eastern Romania. Further phytochemical and biometrical comparative studies will be accomplished on two genotypes of Arnica montana L.
ASSESS THE RISK OF MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION IN CEREALS AND MIXED FODDER
MARIA PRISECARU(1), IONUŢ STOICA(1), TINA OANA CRISTEA(2), MARIA CĂLIN(2), ADRIANA BERTHA DELIU(3)
The study aimed at assessing the degree of contamination with mycotoxins of cereals and mixed fodder during the period 2012-2014 in Bacău County on a total number of 1035 samples. We evaluated the presence of the following mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and deoxinivalenole, regarded as among the most important, with significant risks for human and animal food safety. Determinations were performed in the laboratory of the Sanitary Veterinary Department Bacău and the immune-enzyme competitive ELISA method was used. In no sample higher amounts of mycotoxin than maximum limit allowed were determined
STUDY OF SOIL DISEASES IN SEEDLING STAGE OF VEGETABLE SEED CROPS
MARIA CALIN(1), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), SILVICA AMBARUS(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), MARIA PRISECARU(2), IULIANA BARBU(3), DIANA BARBU(3)
During 2013 - 2014, greenhouse experiments were performed in Vegetable Research-Development Station Bacau - Romania, in order to evaluate the vegetable categories of multiplication at the soil-borne diseases attack in seedling stage. Experiments on round pepper (Creola), long pepper (Ionel) sweet pepper (Dariana Bac) and tomatoes (Unibac) were performed to compare the category: CA, CSD, PB, BS and C1 that presents soil-borne diseases attack. Experiments on Levisticum (Rarau) were performed to compare CA and C1 that presents soil-borne diseases attack. The attack on B and C1 generations at round pepper was between 0,3 - 0,7%. The plants of CA and CSD category after emergence were susceptible at soil pathogen attack (1,3 - 1,7%). The percentage of healthy plants was 98,3 - 99,7%. Long pepper - Ionel was tolerant to soil pathogens attack (CA - 0.3% CSD - 0.3%, PB - 0.1%, B - 0.1% C1 - 0). Sweet pepper showed a light susceptibility to soil pathogens attack after emergence: CA - 3.3% CSD - 3.3%, PB - 2.1% BS - 2.4% C1 - 2.1%. After transplanting in cell plastic trays the pathogen attack stopped. Lovage - Rarau presented a low attack of soil pathogens, behaving as a rustic species, resistant to low temperatures and soil pathogens attack. In both categories of multiplication the attack did not exceed 0.3%. The tomatoes due to low temperatures during emergence (8-20OC) had an uneven emergence, being infected with soil pathogens. There are differences between the attack depending on the category of multiplication: CA - 1,2%, CSD - 1,0%, PB - 0,5%, B - 0,7%, C1 - 1,0%.
CYTOGENETIC OBSERVATIONS ON IN VITRO REGENERANTS OF VERONICA OFFICINALIS L.
DANIELA NICUŢĂ
The cytogenetic studies conducted on radicular meristems of Veronica officinalis vitro-plants aim at indicating whether and to what extent the nutritive medium and the in vitro culture conditions influence the mitotic activity of cells. The investigation of the cytogenetic samples demonstrated the fact that the mitotic activity in radicular meristems is normal and there are no significant events. The mitotic index (MI) was calculated for the vitro-plants investigated and their value varied according to the hormonal formula used in preparing the nutritive medium. The lowest MI (30.70) was calculated in the case of vitro-plants obtained on the MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IBA, and the highest MI value IM (45.63) was calculated for regenerants obtained on BA1 variant (1mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l IAA). Concerning the distribution of mitotic division phases, cells were observed to be predominant in prophases, followed by metaphases, telophases and anaphases at the majority of the radicular meristems of the vitro-plants studied. The frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations also varied according to the nutritive variants on which the vitro-plants were regenerated. The spectrum of chromosomal anomalies involved anaphases with: (simple and multiple) bridges, retarding chromosomes, fragments, delayed and expelled chromosomes and cells (prophases and interphases) with micronuclei. In the case of the in vitro culture technology applied for cloning the species Veronica officinalis, the cell division has not been disturbed, the values of the mitotic index calculated for the regenerated vitro-plants on the mediums with phytohormones being proximate to the ones of MS medium regenerants without phytohormone supplements. The number of cells identified with chromosomal aberrations was relatively close to the one of control vitro-plants
MICROPROPAGATION OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. USING AGNO3 TO ENHANCE SHOOT REGENERATION
TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), MARIA PRISECARU(2), SILVIA AMBARUS(1), MARIA CALIN(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), MARIAN BREZEANU(1), GEORGE FLORIN ŞOVA(1)
The present study was undertaken in the Laboratory of Plant Cell ad Tissue Culture from Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau, Romania. The purpose of the study was the enhancement of plant regeneration efficiency at Hypericum perforatum L. cultivated in vitro. As well known silver ions, in the form of nitrate play an important role in promoting the somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, which led its wide spread use, is in different plant tissue culture in vitro. Thus, the investigations were focused toward the establishment of its role in sustaining the plant regeneration in vitro and the achievement of a rapid multiplication procedure at Hypericum perforatum (a valuable herbaceous medicinal plant). The explants excised from healthy mother plants were cultured on Murashige-Skoog, 1962 medium with BAP – 8.9 µM and IAA – 1.1 µM supplemented with different concentration of AgNO3 (5 µM, 10 µM, 15 µM, 25 µM, 30 µM). In general, NAA alone promoted root induction at all the regenerated shoots. Rooted shoots were successfully re-established in soil under controlled conditions
EXPRESSION OF GENETIC POTENTIAL OF QUALITY INDICATORS IN CONDITION OF ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE UNDER THE AIM OF PROMOTING CONSERVATION AND USE OF MINT GERMPLASM RESOURCES
CREOLA BREZEANU(1), PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), TEODOR ROBU(2), SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ(1), AURELIA DOBRESCU(3)
This study represents an attempt to evaluate the continuing need for services in order to ensure the diversification of germplasm resources, in order to promote the multiple potential use as culinary, medicinal, honey, decorative. Our focus was on Mentha piperita species cultivated in ecological culture system. In our study we made observations and investigations regarding the applied technology in order to ensure a proper herba and volatile oil yield. The study presents also a review of potential use of species
NATURAL HAYFIELDS FROM GHIMEŞ-PALANCA (BACĂU COUNTY)
MILIAN GURĂU, DANIEL SCORUŞ
The Ghimeş Pass meadows are located in middle mountain level, on hillsides with strong slopes with dry soils, with much skeleton, with a good crop production due to the predominance of two good forage species such as Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra. They are exploited by locals in traditional system. The antropo-zoogene pressure all over the place has low or very low intensities, have not reported the upcoming threats, conservation status is very good. If on create conditions for agro-tourism, this kind of activities will not bring problems of organic nature.
CAMPANULA SERRATA IN THE NATURA 2000 ROSCI0047 NEMIRA PEAK SITE
DANIEL IOAN MAFTEI(1), DIANA ELENA MAFTEI(2), MILIAN GURĂU(2)
Campanula serrata is one of Romania’s valuable plants, that requires special protection according to the actual legislation. This paper aims to analyze this species’ distribution within the site, the types of habitats in which the species was identified, the relation between the plant and the environment, the identification of possible threats and the suggesting of some management improvements in view of a sustainable preservation.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF CALLUNA VULGARIS THICKET FROM THE TROTUS RIVER HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN
MILIAN GURAU, ANA SOFRONI
The meadows covered on certain portions with undergrowth vegetation of Vaccinium and Calluna vulgaris are not affected by erosion processes, they sporadically contain herbaceous species that are specific to the biogeographical region and to the vegetation level, some of them with a protective importance. After grazing or formation of passages for animals, these grass species are diminished and sometimes massively destroyed. In the terrestrial survey , we have identified a small number of species, the layer of woody plants remains unmodified regarding the covering, the layer of the plants, when it exists, it modifies its quantitative structure and it will sometimes be dominated by Nardus stricta that is qualitatively poor in species. The described calumets occupy small areas in comparison with the surrounding herbaceous vegetation, are moderately or heavily exposed to the zoogene pressure, they need a complete protection regime.
STUDY REGARDING THE EVALUATION OF A SWEET CORN LOCAL GERMPLASM FUND
PETRE MARIAN BREZEANU(1), CREOLA BREZEANU(1), SILVICA AMBĂRUŞ(1), TEODOR ROBU(2), AURELIA DOBRESCU(3), TINA OANA CRISTEA(1), MARIA CALIN(1)
Our study envisaged a characterization of a germplasm fund represented by ten local sweet corn populations originated from different regions of Romania. The study had as main objectives: (a) - morphological assessment for detection of interest traits to be exploited in wet and cold lands condition in Romania and (b) - identification of useful resources for improving production capacity, the precocity, resistance to low temperatures, resistance to breaking and falling. Morphological assessment was conducted in field and laboratory condition, by phenological observations, biometrical measurements and determinations, in order to detect the most valuable material to be used in breeding. Our study presents some morphological items of “Dulce de Bacau”, a genotype created at Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau. The genotype is distinguished by its yield capacity and its suitability to our climate condition
HAYFIELDS VEGETATION FROM NEMIRA RIDGE (BACĂU COUNTY)
MILIAN GURĂU, SEBASTIAN MUSCALU
The site Natura 2000 Nemira Ridges, from bottom to top, is covered predominantly by forests with spruce, tone vegetation and meadows. This study tracked the anthropic effects on the most exposed phytocoenosis are comprised. We analyzed the most extensive grassy transitional plant associations that have the following framing. Class MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA Tx.1937 Ord. Molinietalia caeruleae W Koch 1926 (Syntaxon syn Deschampsietalia caespitosae Horvatić 1958) All. Deschampsion caespitosae Horvatić 1930 Ass. Deschampsietum caespitosae Hayek ex Horvatić Order ARRHENATHERETALIA R.Tüxen 1931 Alliance CYNOSURION Tx. 1947 Ass. Festuco rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris Horvatič 1951,nardetosum strictae(Csürös et Resmeriţă) Phytocoenosis biodiversity is much diminished. The conservation status is unfavorable, trend unknown yet, although it held shares of bushes and trees deforestation isolate and grazing was forbidden in protected perimeter. The anthropo-zoogene pressure could be reduced up to cancellation. Status of protected area was necessary because there were no more specific rare quotes found over time and should be protected by steep slopes with stone vegetation. The hayfields cover less than 10% of the site, we analyzed only the site, they are on the side of Bacau and consequently their surface is smaller but it is possible that a century before in its grasslands have been more species than in all other habitat types
CYTOGENETIC ANALYSES ON SEVERAL IN VITRO REGENERANTS OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS L.
DIANA-ELENA MAFTEI
Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) is a medicinal plant used by herbal medicine for more than 2000 years for its positive therapeutic actions, mostly on the nervous and digestive systems.There were analyzed several regenerants of lemon balm that were provided in vitro on hormone-free MS medium (control variant), and on its variants enriched with growth regulators (medium variants A2, KN1, BG1). Regarding the mitotic activity, it was ascertained that the regenerants registered a mitotic index that ranged between 39.73 to 43.12 for the variants comprising growth regulators, compared to 46.18 in control. The distribution of cells on various phases of mitotic division does not alter compared to control plants; the highest frequency is held by prophases, followed by metaphases and telophases, and the lowest by anaphases. The high percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations depicted in the root meristems of the in vitro regenerated plants confirms, once more, the fact that this culture method is accompanied by a high variability at the cytogenetic level, important for the practical valorization.
RESEARCH STUDY ON THE BEST FERTIGATION SOLUTIONS FOR VAN SWEET CHERRY TREE VARIETY USING ASFAC BC 04 GROWTH STIMULATOR
IOAN VIOREL RAŢI, DUMITRA RĂDUCANU, NICOLETA BADALUŢĂ
In this paper we have proposed evaluation of the biostimulator ASFAC BC 04 improve product quality of the Van variety sweet cherry fruits. This study was performed into a plantation of SC Ceravis SA located in Itesti village of Bacau County in 2013 and 2014. The biometric and biochemical fruit analyses were conducted in the laboratories of the Biology, Ecology and Environmental Protection Department, “Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, according to specific research methods and all the data obtained indicates a visibly influence af all parameters.
OVERVIEW ON THE SPECTRUM OF THE CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN LEMON BALM REGENERANTS PROVIDED IN VITRO
DIANA-ELENA MAFTEI
Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Its therapeutical importance resides in its active principles, mostly on the nervous and digestive systems. There were cytogenetically analyzed several regenerants of lemon balm that were provided in vitro on hormone-free MS medium (control variant), and on its variants enriched with growth regulators (medium variants A2, KN1, BG1). The study of the mitotic index in lemon balm was the subject of a previous scientific paper. The high percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations depicted in the root meristems of the in vitro regenerated plants confirms, once more, the fact that this culture method is accompanied by a high variability at the cytogenetic level, important for the practical valorization
THE DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ASFAC BC 04 BIOSTIMULATOR ON STANLEY PLUM FRUITS
IOAN VIOREL RAŢI, DUMITRA RĂDUCANU, NICOLETA BĂDĂLUŢĂ
In this paper we have proposed evaluation how the biostimulator ASFAC BC 04 improve product quality of the Stanley plum tree. This study was performed into a plantation of SC Ceravis SA located in Itesti village of Bacau County in 2013 and 2014.This covering a surface of 2 hectares with 9-10 year-old trees at a 5-metre planting distance between rows and 3 metres on the row, corresponding to a density of 667 pomi/ha. The fruit in the lot treated with ASFAC BC 04 presented a marketable qualities such as size and intense colour and a good productivity. For all biometric and biochemical parameter analyzed was registered a positive results.
SEVERAL HISTO-ANATOMICAL ASPECTS ON THE RHIZOME STRUCTURE IN RHODIOLA ROSEA L.
DANIEL-IOAN MAFTEI(1), DIANA-ELENA MAFTEI(2)
Rhodiola rosea L., known as the golden root or the rose root due to the rose scent of its freshly sectioned rhizomes, or the arctic root, is a dioic perennial herbaceous species with a thick rhizome, belonging to the Crassulaceae family. It was thoroughly studied from the pharmaceutical viewpoint, though the histo-anatomical studies are extremely scarce. As a consequence, this species was not described within the botanical treaties on the anatomy of the dicotyledons, or in other recent scientific papers.