Volume 22, No. 2 (2013)
Articles
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN CARASSIUS GENERA (FORTUNA LAKE - DANUBE DELTA) USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MARKERS
IONESCU MIHAELA- LILIANA(1), GHIORGHIŢĂ I. GOGU(2)
In this experiment we investigated the genetic diversity within Carassius genera, studying individuals from Fortuna Lake (Danube Delta), using the sequencing of cytochrome b (Cyt b), mitochondrial control region (D-loop) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ((COX I (CO I) as markers. The variation of the nucleotide sequence for the three genes were used to study the mtDNA divergence for Carassius genera individuals and to examine the phylogenetic relationships within analyzed individuals.Based on the alignment of the three mitochondrial genes were identified the new haplotypes, for Cyt b and D-loop seven new haplotypes, while for COX I were recorded eight new haplotypes. Regarding the frequence of the new haplotypes within analysed population we observed that, for Cyt b the haplotype C02DL is the most frequent (25%), for D-loop all haplotypes have the same frequence 14,29% and for COX I the general haplotype is C04D (73,08%). The analysis of phylogenetic trees showed that all the investigated individuals originate from the same common ancestral node.
APPLICATION TRICHOGRAMMA EMBRYOPHAGUM HTG. IN REDUCING PEST DENSITY IN PLUM AND APPLE ORCHARDS
GAVRILIŢA LIDIA, VOLOSCIUC LEONID, BATCU MIHAI
During the period 2011-2012, research studies with Trichogramma embryophagum Htg..were conducted in laboratory conditions and in the field. There were determined different biological indices of T. embryophagum; then, it was applied on plum cultures in AGRO BRIO farm from rep. Moldova on a surface of 5.4 hectares against the pest Grapholitha funebrana TR. In the plum orchard, there were performed 6 launches with T. embryophagumma. During the development of two generations of the plum moth (G. funebrana ), it was determined the dynamics of pest eggs laying and there were constructed digital maps of the spatial distribution of eggs of G. funebrana Tr. in the field, as well as the biological efficacy of T. embryophagum. which varied from 66.6% up to 75.0%. The entomophagous Trichogramma embryophagum Htg. is one of the most important biological agents which may be utilized against a complex of pests both in biological control, and in the system of integrated plant protection. The utilization of the eggs of Sitotroga cerealella OLIV. irradiated preliminary by gamma rays essentially increases Trichogramma biological indices and the efficiency in the field. Biological efficiency of T. embryophagum and the degree of damage in the first version (on irradiated eggs of grain moth) when compared with the second option (on the nonirradiated eggs) are significantly different.
ASPECTS OF FOREST PROTECTION FOLLOWING THE PROCESS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION ACCORDING TO FSC STANDARDS
CIORNEI CONSTANTIN(1), LUPAŞTEAN DANIELA(2), ANDREI ANA MARIA(3), VOICU ROXANA(4)
The paper evaluates the situation developed in the forest protection activity in Romania, as a consequence of the certification of an important forest area, according to FSC standards. The FSC standards adopted in forest management resulted in strong restrictions in using the majority of the pesticides authorised for forest protection. In the present paper is displayed the current status of the insecticides use in forests in European Union generally, and in certified forests, particularly. An additional task consists in identification of some pesticides with low toxicity and residues, according to the sixth FSC principle, in order to apply them for the limitation of the damages caused by the phytophagous insects in mature stands. Are displayed the results of the field trials developed for testing the efficacy of an insecticide containing pyrethrum extract.
IMPACT OF HONEYCOMB MOTH LARVAE BRED ON DIFFERENT DIETS ON BIOLOGICAL INDICES OF BRACON HEBETOR UNDER LABORATORY REARING CONDITIONS
K.A.ALPISBAEVA
This investigations conducted have been to study impact of various nutritional diets on Bracon hebetor development, survival of immature stages and fertility. In were experience, the survival of immature stages of Bracon hebetor has favourably influenced the complex of ingredients included in variant 4, less the autolysate of brewer's yeast and water. Ingredients of the diet including wax, honey, glycerol, wheat bran, milk and excluding brewer's yeast autolysate and water have been more preferable for honeycomb moth larvae that ensured high level of immature stages survival at Bracon hebetor development.
COMPARATIVE STUDY REGARDING HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND QUALITY STATUS OF WATER BODIES BY SUPERIOR SECTORS OF SOME IMPORTANT RIVERS FROM HYDROGRAPHICAL BASIN OF SIRET RIVER
DAN DĂSCĂLIŢA
The surface water status varies over time due to the many factors acting on them. These factors are produced both by human activity (anthropogenic factors) and nature (natural factors). Human activities affect water quality of surface. Under the influence of natural factors, water of surface is loaded with pollutants depending on the configuration and composition of catchment drained soils and depending on the risk produced of various hidrogeoclimatic phenomena. The Risks of water flowing surface degradation due to natural factors is appear in the high water periods and during periods of drought. In times of flood, the waters are loaded with suspensions, organic materials, metals, and other compounds containing bacteria specific from upper basin drained. In dry periods, water flows are low and significantly reduces possibilities for selfpurification. In such situations reception capabilities of pollutants are reduced and is strongly influence the state of water quality and related ecosystems. Quality status of surface water bodies depends and hydromorphological parameters and the way it was arranged the hydrographical basin. In this paper I have presented some issues regarding the quality status of the four bodies of water from some the upper sectors of major courses from Siret Hydrographical Basin where human activities are lower. The comparative study revealed that in the upper of watershed areas, anthropogenic activity is reduced and water bodies analyzed is framed within good environmental status.
DYNAMICS OF SOME DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE LEAVES OF SOME PLANT SPECIES IN THE FAMILY CARYOPHYLLACEAE, HEALTHY AND INFESTED BY FUNGUS Melampsorella caryophyllacearum (DC.) J. SCHROT
IRIMIA ROMEO(1), MANOLIU ALEXANDRU(2)
This paper presents results of research on the evolution of values of dehydrogenase activity of the Krebs cycle: izocitrate dehydrogenase, α-cetoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in leaves of two plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, healthy and infested, attacked by fungus Melampsorella caryophyllacearum (DC.) J. Schrot.
EVOLUTION OF GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY TO SOME PLANT SPECIES, PARASITIZED BY FUNGUS Melampsorella caryophyllacearum (DC.) J. SCHROT
IRIMIA ROMEO(1), MANOLIU ALEXANDRU(2)
In this paper are presented the results of research on the dynamic of the values of glucose dehydrogenase activity in leaves species: Abies alba, Myosoton aquaticum, Stellaria nemorum subsp. nemorum, host plant for parasitic fungus Melampsorella caryophyllacearum (DC.) J. Schrot.
THE MORPHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF SUB-MAXIMAL PHYSICAL EFFORT ON THE MYOCARDIAL FIBER IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLYINDUCED HEART FAILURE
DOBRECI DANIEL-LUCIAN
This paper aims to present a study that would establish whether the sub-maximal effort produces modifications in the myocardial fiber morphology in rats with experimentally-induced heart failure. The study was conducted on 40 rats, divided in four equal groups (Group I - normal rats who did not perform physical effort; Group II - normal rats who performed physical effort; Group III - rats on which heart failure was experimentally induced and who did not perform physical effort; Group IV - rats on which heart failure was experimentally induced and who performed physical effort). The heart failure inducing protocol used doxorubicin. The physical effort was applied for 6 weeks, with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. At the end of the study, all animals were sacrificed, in order to perform histological examinations, taking samples from the heart for the photonic microscopy. The recorded results highlight the fact that the modifications are important for the ultrastructure of the myocardial fibers, and performing a dosed physical effort plays a beneficial part for the myocardial ultramorphology. The analysis of the results recorded for the lab rats groups allows one to say that the influence of sub-maximal physical effort on the positive progress of heart failure is determined, on one hand by the cardiac functional improvement, and on the other hand, by positive morphologic modifications, a proof of that being the photonic microscopy analysis results.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY OVER ICHTHYOFAUNA BIODIVERSITY FROM LANDSCAPED AREA OF SIRET RIVER
PRICOPE FERDINAND, STOICA IONUŢ, BATTES KLAUS WERNER
This paper presents the modification of the Siret River Basin ichthyofauna under the influence of hydrotechnical facilities, through quantitative and qualitative monitoring of fish fauna of three dam lakes on the upper and middle basin of the river (Rogojeşti, Bucecea and Galbeni). On established species list, numerical and biomass abundance in each basin and on calculated the relative numeric and biomass abundance of fish species in investigated basins. The results were compared with literature data regarding the composition and structure of fish fauna of the Siret river and lakes during the period 1960-2000.
BIO-ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OVER THE EPHEMEROPTERAE FAUNA FROM TROTUŞ RIVER (ROMANIA)
PRISECARU FLORIAN (1), MARIA PRISECARU(2), IONUŢ STOICA(2)
Researches were conducted on Ephemeroptera larvae in the period 2010-2012, in 4 sections Trotuş river basin, taking into account a number of economic, tourism and social parameters. The four sections of the work were: Section Trotuş - Ghimeş Faget, Section Trotuş - Dărmăneşti Section Trotuş - Tg - Ocna and Section Trotuş - Vrancea. Study of bio parameters (absolute abundance and relative abundance) revealed the number of species, the peculiarities or species dominance, species biodiversity and annual growth by type of sector. The identified Ephemeroptere species have been framed in 7 family, 14 genera and 29 species. Families Baetidae and Heptageniidae are represented by the largest number of species (10 respectively 9).
RESEARCH ON THE STATUS OF THE FISH COMMUNITIES OF THE UPPER COURSE OF BISTRITA RIVER
STOICA IONUŢ, BATTES KLAUS, PRICOPE FERDINAND, PRISECARU MARIA
Study attempts to highlight the extent of damage to ihtiocenozelor, given that fish fauna of the river was once very rich in species and abundant quantity. By determination of quality parameters (species composition) of quantitative parameters (numeric stock and gravimetric) and ecological indices (index of ecological values, biodiversity index and IBI) best reflects the degree of dysfunction of the aquatic ecosystem. Maximum abundance of specimens recorded in the mountainous area of Bistrita, upstream Bicaz lake and Poiana Teiului, where influence is greatest. Low values occurring at the confluence with Neagra Şarului. Zoning fishery on the upper Bistrita underwent a number of changes to the existing initial by restricting the grayling zone upstream from Vatra Dornei, restriction area to springs and repleace common nase zone the section Brosteni – Lake Bicaz. Currently dominates the Bistrita River mediterranean barbel zone from Vatra Dornei until the accumulation of Poiana Teiului Integrity of fish communities is good and very good, except for 5 (confluence with Black Şarului Bistrita), being the limit of sustainability.
RESEARCHES ON THE IMPACT OF SOME PARASITOID SPECIES ON THE LIMITATION OF THE POPULATIONS OF BIORHIZA PALLIDA (OLIVIER 1791) ♀♂ AND CYNIPS QUERCUSFOLII (LINNAEUS 1758) ♀♀ (HYMENOPTERA, CYNIPIDAE), (ROMANIA)
VOICU ROXANA ELENA(1), CIORNEI CONSTANTIN(2)
The researches on the impact of parasitoid species on the limitation of the ♀♂ andCynipsquercusfolii (Linnaeus, 1758) ♀♀ (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) were performed in 2007, 2008. The biological material was collected in three sites: Bucium (Bacau), HanuConachi and Ghidigeni (Galati), on different species of oaks (Quercuspetraea, Quercuspedunculiflora, Quercusrobur). In the galls of Biorhizapallida (Olivier, 1791) ♀♂species we collected 59 parasitoids individuals with 13 identified parasitoid species (Chalcidoidea Superfamily). In the galls of Cynipsquercusfolii (Linnaeus, 1758) ♀♀species we collected 16 parasitoids individuals with 6 identified parasitoid species (Chalcidoidea Superfamily, Ichneumonoidea Superfamily). For the two host gall cynipid species (Biorhizapallida (Olivier, 1791) ♀♂ andCynipsquercusfolii (Linnaeus, 1758) ♀♀), the highest parasitic percentage was registered by parasitoid species that belong to Torymidae family (Chalcidoidea Superfamily).
DIURNAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF INSECT SPECIES WITH HIDDEN WAY OF LIFE IN OPTIMAL EXISTENCE CONDITIONS
NASTAS TUDOR, ELISOVETSCAIA DINA, RAILEANU NATALI, CHEPTINARI VALERIA
Developing means to reduce the population of phytophagus species of insects by applying synthetic sex pheromones requires deep investigation on the sexual behavior of the target insect. Determination of sexual behavior peculiarities of the target insect species is one of the key tasks of screening methodology and application of synthetic sex pheromone systems in the integrated crop protection. Finding all links in the chain of the target insect’s sexual behavior is complex because it requires the development of certain methodological procedures, specific to each case. For these reasons, the determination of sexual behavior of some species of insects with hidden life mode (M. brassicae, E. schreineri), is of particular interest both theoretically and practically. During the investigations, attention was paid to such species as the information obtained can be applied in the process of deciphering the mechanism of action of synthetic sex pheromones on each gender separately. It was shown that females of the E. shreineri species bear pheromone glands and males respond to this pheromone only in cases where females demonstrate their calling position. Most elements of sexual behavior are similar to those found in the M. brassicae species, but some characteristics are only relevant to the corresponding species.
STATE ASSESSMENT OF THE FISH COMMUNITIES IN THE LEFT TRIBUTARIES OF RIVER MURES (MURES LOWER GORGE) IN 2011
URECHE DOREL, URECHE CAMELIA, VOICU ROXANA ELENA, NICUŢĂ DANIELA
The study was carried out on the left tributaries of the Mures River (Mures lower gorge) in the spring of the year 2011. Some of the physico-geographical and hydrochemical parameters were determined. The aim of the study was to assess the state of fish communities in this region of the basin of Mures River, and also to highlight significant changes in fish communities, such as biodiversity, stocks, biological integrity. The biological material was collected by electrofishing from 9 sampling sites. Over the year 2011, 7 fish species were found, with an amount of 791 individuals and 5204,4 g. All of the 7 fish species are native species. We found that the numerical stock in sampling sites ranged between 1.14 and 200 indiv./100 m2 meanwhile the weight stock was between 3.84 and 2081.15 g/100 m2. Although a high value of the numerical stock is not always correlated with a high value of the weight stock, in Valea Salcivei, upstream Salciva we found the highest value for both of numerical and weigh stock and it is due to the large-size species (chub).