Volume 21, No. 1 (2012)
Articles
A HISTO-ANATOMICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ON STACHYS SIEBOLDII MIQ. IN CONVENTIONAL AND IN VITRO CULTURES
Daniel-Ioan Maftei(1), Diana-Elena Maftei(2), Constantin Toma(3)
Stachys sieboldii Miq. (the Chinese artichoke) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the Lamiaceae family used as an edible plant (its tuber is grown as a root vegetable). This species is also used to cure high fever, diarrhoea, sore throats, internal bleeding, heart and liver diseases. This present paper comprises a comparative histoanatomical study effected on individuals of Stachys sieboldii Miq. provided by conventional and in vitro cultures.
STUDY OF FRUIT QUALITY IN TOMATO CULTIVATED IN CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Maria Călin(1), Tina Oana Cristea(1), Liliana Bădulescu(2), Silvica Ambarus(1), Creola Brezeanu(1), Petre Marian Brezeanu(1), Maria Prisecaru(3), George Florin Şova(1)
Research and experimental farming of tomato grown in organic and conventional agriculture have been performed in Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau, from 2008 to 2011. The accomplished analysis revealed differences between the compositions of vegetables cultivated in organic agriculture and conventional agriculture. 15 So, respiration intensity and water content in conventional agriculture (CA) was higher than organic agriculture (OA). The dry matter, dry soluble substance, glucose and fructose content were higher in OA compared to CA. Mineral content, organic substances, content of main antioxidants (ascorbic acid, carotene and lycopene) varied depending on the cultivar.
THE INFLUENCE OF CALCAREOUS EXPLOITATION ON THE MOUNTIN METEIAS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ASSIMILATING PIGMENTS
Raluca Stancu
Limestone quarry did not affecred the intensity of photosynthesis in the species analyzed, compared to the same species, from an reprezentativ area, except the specie Trifolium sp., in which d = 2.90> 2.57, p = 0.01, that caused the rejection of the null hypothesis. At the other species (Taraxacum sp.: D = 1.52
STUDY OF USEFUL SWEET PEPPER GERMPLASM FOR BREEDING
Silvica Ambarus(1), Creola Brezeanu(2), Petre Marian Brezeanu(3)
This study presents our research activity based on: identification, evaluation and use of pepper germplasm resources in breeding. Our main purpose is creation and patentation of new varieties with high production capacity and quality. This work presents: morphologycal characterisation of advanced homozygous lines, the importance of enriching the stock germplasm and the mechanisms of heredity in case of Capsicum annuum L.
STUDY OF SOME QUANTITATIVE FEATURES OF “IONEL”, LONG PEPPER VARIETY
Creola Brezeanu
“IONEL” variety was created at Vegetable Research and Development Station, Bacau patented 2009. This paper aims to present a study on the variability of the main character and significance of selection work. Maintaining annually quantitative and qualitative traits of variety, within their variability in purpose to ensure the identity, uniformity and stability is achieved by the conservative selection works. Our undertaken studies show that studied variability of different traits. is: - low for shape index s% ≤ 10; - medium for length, diameter and weight of the fruit: s% between 10-20%; - high (s% ≥ 20) for trait: production of fruit / plant. (G). Data presented in this paper reveal that the variety of long pepper – “IONEL” is properly maintained in conservative selection process. and the limits of variability are normal.
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE CALLUS AND SHOOT INDUCTION AT BRASSICA ANTHERS CULTIVATED IN VITRO
Tina Oana Cristea(1), Maria Prisecaru(2), Silvia Ambarus(1), Maria Calin(1), Creola Brezeanu(1), Petre Marian Brezeanu(1)
The experimentations were performed during 2011-2012 in Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture from Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau. Regeneration, in all its aspects – callus, shoot and embryo formation and rooting of newly formed plantlets are key points on which relies the entire concept of in vitro tissue culture. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was the assessment callus and shoot induction in white cabbage anthers cultivated on media with different concentration and combination of PGRs. Anther-derived calluses, normally accompanied by elongating small buds, are induced in response to type of auxins added and subsequently to combination with cytokinin, especially 6- benzylaminopurine (BA). The formation of callus structure was the predominant morphogenetic reaction on media with 2,4 D, while NAA improved the embryogenic competence of anthers. The results of the present study also support the idea of major impact involvement of PGRs in the expression of cells totipotence.
RESEARCH UPON THE RESISTANCE OF RASPBERRY VARIETIES TO YELLOW RUST ATTACK (PHRAGMIDIUM RUBI IDAEI) AND OF BLACKBERRY VARIETIES TO GREY MOULD (BOTRYTIS CINEREA)
Ioan Viorel Rati, Dumitra Raducanu, Nicoleta Badaluta
The research conducted in 2010-2011 had in view the behaviour of eight raspberry varieties (Rubus idaeus) and 11 blackberry varieties (Rubus fructicosus), of which 7 thorny and 4 thornless cultivars, exposed to yellow rust (Phragmidium rubi idaei) and grey mould attacks (Botrytis cinerea), in intensive cropping system. The main aim of this study has been to develop a cultivar for the Bacau area that is resistant to phyto-pathogenic attacks (rust and mould) and to breed it in the nursery, taking into consideration the frequency (F%), intensity (I%) and gravity of attack (GA) values. The cultivars recommended for nursery breeding, due to the fact that they have registered the lowest attack degree (GA %), are Thornfree (0.42%), Loganberry (0.2%), Evergreen (0.008%) thornless blackberries and Arkansas 530 (0,08%), Arkansas 535(0,531%), Arkansas 609(0,24%) for thorny blackberries; as far as raspberry varieties are concerned, their GA values ranged from 0.13% for Exploit to 0.14% GA in Newburg and 0.16% in English A1.
RESEARCHES REGARDING SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS OF “DARIOCHEA”, SWEET PEPPER VARIETY
Petre Marian Brezeanu
The purpose of this study is to present a variability study of the main traits and also the significance for the conservative selection works. Maintaining annually the quantitative and qualitative traits of variety within their variability in purpose to ensure the identity, uniformity and stability is achieved by the conservative selection works. Our undertaken studies show that studied variability of different traits is: - low at plant height. s% ≤ 10; - medium for length, diameter and weight of the fruit, s% between 10- 20% ; - high (s% ≥ 20) for trait: production of fruit / plant. (G). Data presented in this paper reveal that the variety of pepper – “DARIOCHEA”, is stable and distinct within the normal variability.
THE STUDY OF COMPOSITION IN FREE AMINOACIDS AT HAPLOID GAMETOCLONES WITH GYNOGENETIC ORIGIN AT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L., BETA VULGARIS L., HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. AND SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.
Maria Prisecaru(1), Tina Oana Cristea(2), Maria Calin(2)
The aminoacids that are present in the haploid plants of 10-12 cm length obtained by gynogenesis „in vitro” via the culture of nonfertilized ovaries and ovules have been identified and quantitatively measured in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by using the chromatographic method upon thin larger and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Diploid plants of the same length where used for control. They were obtained by germination of the donor plants seeds from where ovaries and ovules for cultivation in vitro were sampled. Thus, it is found that in the haploids obtained in vitro, for all studied species, the values of aminoacids are in general clearly low, as compared to the control diploid plants. The haploid plants chromatograms show also the lack of some aminoacids identified in the control diploid plants. It is interesting to note that in some haploids new aminoacids appear, but they are not identified in the 2n plants (phenylalanine, in the potato haploid), or in almost equal quantitative values, or higher that the 2n donor plant value ( this in the case of methionine in wheat haploid and histidine in sunflower haploid).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY CULTIVARS IN COMPETITION CULTURE
Ioan Viorel Rati, Nicoleta Badaluta, Dumitra Raducanu
The research has undergone a comparative study of 8 raspberry and 11 blackberry cultivars in competition culture and intensive cropping system. Their purpose of this study is the evolution of the main vegetation and fructification phenophases; vegetative growths (bush height, size, length of annual growth) of raspberry and blackberry cultivars; fruit production per plant, biometric characteristics of fruit; dry substance content and establishing a crop variety suitable for Bacau area. The recommended cultivars for nursery breeding are raspberry cultivars September (1.7 kg/plant), Laxton 410 (1.6 kg/plant), Rubin Bulgarski (1.65 kg/plant) and blackberry cultivars Evergreen (2.65 kg/plant), Arkansas 635 and Arkansas 537 (1.56 kg/plant).
XEROPHYTIC FLORA OF ONESTI DEPRESSION (CAIUTI-OITUZ SECTION)
Milian Gurău
In the investigated area, situated in the Trotuş River basin, between Oituz and Căiuţi tributaries, there have been inventorized 1052 of species, of which 139 species are from places characterized by very low humidity. These also include a vestigial remnant of forest steppe vegetation situated on the hills in the proximity of Oneşti town.
RESEARCHES ON BEHAVIOUR OF SOME PEPPER GENOTYPES CULTIVATED IN PLASTIC TUNNELS
Petre Marian Brezeanu(1), Creola Brezeanu(2), Silvica Ambarus(3), Maria Calin(4), Tina Oana Cristea(4)
Spread on all continents today's pepper culture enjoy unanimous appreciation for the high productions and rich content of vitamin C (100 200 mg/100 g of fresh substance), sugars (5.4%), vitamin A and minerals ( 8.5 mg calcium, phosphorus 24 mg, iron 0.4 mg/100 g of fresh substance), who raise the food and diet value (Ambăruş Silvica, 1999). Protected surfaces planted with green pepper expanded in the last period and required a greater diversification of the range of varieties. 68 Variety, important factor of production, must always meet the growing and often changing. requirements of production, driven by consumer needs. Consumers have high demands in terms of color, shape, size and taste fruit and the producer must meet these requirements, making in addition productivity, precocity and resistance to pathogens. In this purpose, in VRDS Bacau were conducted researches that focused on obtaining new varieties of sweet pepper, more productive, high quality fruit, early, with tolerance to diseases. In a same time our new obtained varieties are competitive on internal and external market. Through this research we aimed to enrich the fund of germplasm material, improving the outlook for the bell peppers. The aim of our research was to obtain new pepper varieties suitable for cultivation in protected area and distinguished by earliness and high level of yield. In this purpose were used as starting material for breeding varieties of global and local range, local populations as genitors for different genetic recombination. The highest level of yield was obtained by L-8: (67.21 t /ha) and L- 10: (62.65 t /ha). The most early production accomplishes L-10 with 23.95 t /ha.
A STUDY ON RED CURRANT BIODIVERSITY AND BEHAVIOUR TO DISEASE AIMED AT SELECTING THE CROP VARIETY SUITABLE FOR BACAU AREA
Ioan Viorel Rati, NicoletaBadaluta, Dumitra Răducanu
The research aimed at the comparative study of 11 red currant varieties in competition culture in intensive crop production system. The scope of this research is exploring the duration of vegetation and fructification phases to the purpose of deciding on the best times for fertilizer spraying; knowing the ripening period for a timely harvesting; the biometric characteristics of the fruit; the dry matter content and the recommendation of some varieties suitable for the Bacau area. The red currant cultivars recommended for breeding in nursery are Jankleer van Tets (4.20 kg/pl), Stanza (4.14 kg/pl), Roşu timpuriu (4.11 kg/pl), due to their significantly high crop yields.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF MAJOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WHEAT PLANTS (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.), SUGARBEET (BETA VULGARIS L.), SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANUUS L.) AND POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) OF GYNOGENETIC ORIGIN
Maria Prisecaru(1), Tina Oana Cristea(2)
The phenomenon of haploidy in more evolved plants represents nowadays a field with extensive and profound implications for research in genetics and breeding. Obtaining haploids by in vitro culture of pollen, anthers, and unfertilized eggs, represent methodologies whose potential for action on hereditary susbtance is insufficiently exploited. These methodologies provide genetic engineering with the most favorable conditions to detect various genomes and linkage groups, but especially to determine the alleles present, either by controlled change of the genes and action on them, or by substitution and transfer. A common feature of all haploids appearing in species of higher plants is the low vitality and slowed growth due to the so-called " haploid depression " state that is determined by the hemizigotic structure of the haploids. Therefore, there is a general reduction in the quantity of chemical components, reduction which is not always proportional to the degree of ploidy.
A STUDY ON BLACK CURRANT BIODIVERSITY AND BEHAVIOUR TO DISEASE AIMED AT SELECTING THE CROP VARIETY SUITABLE FOR BACAU AREA
Ioan Viorel Rati, Dumitra Raducanu, Nicoleta Badaluta
The current research aimed at the study of 11 varieties of black currant in competition culture under conditions of intensive cropping at SC Fructex Bacau. It involved a number of biometrical measurements of black currant fruit, phenological observations on the onset of the main vegetation and fructification phenophases, crop production of fruit/plant, as well as the dry matter content of the fruit. The aim was also to observe the behaviour of black currant varieties at the attack from American of gooseberry mildew (Sphaeroteca Mors certa uvae), under the given pedoclimatic conditions. The black currant varieties recommended for breeding in the nursery are Wellinghton xxx, Silvergieter schwarze and Mari Negre, on account of their good productivity and strength.