Volume 1, No. 10 (2004)
Articles
BIOCONVERSION IN AGRICULTURE
BAISAN IOAN
The paper presents the basic principles sustaining the bioconversion into biogas of organic waste from agriculture. The process of gasifying or anaerobic digestion is introduced as well as the factors that influence bioconversion. Some experimental data are introduced, as well, concerning the biogas production resulting from the gasifying of some dejections of animal origin.
SUPERTARGET PINCH EXPRESS SOFTWARE - PART OF PROCESS DESIGN
BIBIRE LUMINIŢA, COBREA CODRIN
With SuperTarget software you can improve heat integration in new design and retrofi projects reducing operating costs and optimally targeting capital investment. SuperTarget offers the best economic performance target for heat recovery and help specialists to design the most effective heat exchanger network.
ENTRY LEVEL PINCH ANALYSES
BIBIRE LUMINIŢA, COBREA CODRIN
Pinch Express was developed from the Super Target Process module and makes Pinch Analysis a routine part of process design by working with and from within popular process simulation packages.
FLOW-METER WITH ALTERNATE VORTEX DETACHMENT
CAZACU MIRCEA-DIMITRIE, NISTOR LOREDANA
One presents the theoretical and experimental research made in the Laboratory of Flow-meters and their Calibration Installations, Department of Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machinery, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, concerning the realization in the Automation Design Institute - IPA in Bucharest, of the Romanian flow-meters working with liquids and gases on the principle of alternate vortex detachment behind a flat plate placed in a conduit, the pressure alternate oscillations being measured with two piezoceramic tablets.
ENZYMATIC PROCESSES AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
CIOBANU DOMNICA, CALIMAN OCTAVIAN
By adding of the papain in the beer, it is achieved the enzymatic hydrolysis of the proteins for the low molecular mass compounds, wich are unable to form complexes with the polyphenols or the dimerical or trimmerical anthocyans. An addition of 1 to 3 grams papain per one hectolitre of filtered beer gives it an enhanced colloidal stability. The pasteurization of the beer is the most widespread method for biological stabilization of the beer, but, for large amounts of papain and high pasteurization units, the beer losses its colloidal stability.
ENZYMATIC PROCESS IN MALT MUST IN BEER INDUSTRY
CIOBANU DOMNICA, CALIMAN OCTAVIAN
The experimental research was made with the aim of optimization the MAXAFLOC enzyme addition in the beer, in order to achieve a beer with filtering facilities, and an enhanced colloidal stability. By addition of 2.1 g/ hi MAXAFLOC in malt must, after 80 minutes of boiling, it is achieved a proper proteinic floculatton, resulting a clarified must, for a superior quality beer, with colloidal stability for a longtime.
OBTAINING MIXTURE DRINKS WITH BEER
DABIJA ADRIANA, TULBURE MONICA
This paper shows the obtainment in laboratory conditions of some joint drinks based on beer with the direct impact of these innovative products over the Romanian consumer. The obtained products "won" extract by adding the new ingredients: orange extract and juice. Joint drinks based on beer have meant freshness, pleasant and harmonious taste, outlining the properties of new products liked by consumers.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE THERMIC SYSTEM OF THE FLOWING OF POLYMERIC MELTING FROM THE CAVITY FORM OF INJECTION
DURBACA ION, IORDACHE GHEORGHE, DURBACA MARIUS GEORGE
The temperature conditions in the injection form for polymers still raise some questions as regards the knowing for sure of temperature spread during operation. The aim of this paper is the studying of these temperature conditions, which bring about the heating by viscous dissipation.
THEORETIC CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE STUDY OF HEATING BY VISCOUS DISSIPATION OF POLYMERS IN AN INJECTION FORM (DIE)
DURBACA ION, IORDACHE GHEORGHE, DURBACA MARIUS GEORGE
The temperature conditions in the injection form for polymers still raise some questions as regards the knowing for sure of temperature spread during operation. The aim of this paper is the studying of these temperature conditions, which bring about the heating by viscous dissipation.
APPLICATIONS FOR ESTABLISHING THE EVOLUTION OF POLYMERIC MELT TEMPERATURE IN AN INJECTION FORM
DURBACA ION, IORDACHE GHEORGHE, DURBACA MARIUS GEORGE
The aim this paper is the studying of these temperature conditions, with bring about the heating by viscous dissipation. The calculation examples help to a better understanding of some theoretical aspects which are discussed.
THEORETICAL STUDY ABOUT THE BALANCE BETWEEN MECHANICAL AND THERMAL ENERGY
FLORESCU DANIELA, FLORESCU IULIAN
Paper makers have to find the balance between mechanical and thermal energy. To find this balance, it is worth examining the theories surrounding heat transfer and recounts the effects of calender - related variables and paper properties on heat transfer in a
A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL WHICH DESCRIBE THE DEWATERING PROCESS OF THE PAPER WEB
FLORESCU DANIELA, FLORESCU IULIAN
Modifications on paper machines are very expensive and the test runs are very difficult to perform in the production process. Therefore, a tool than can predict accurately the outcome of modification would be very useful. In cooperation with S. C. Letea S. A. started in April 2003 to develop a computer simulation model to describe the dewatering process of the paper web on the paper machine starting with the press and dryer section. The paper presented some aspects of this problem.
THE TRANSVERSAL STABILITY OF THE PLATFORMS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF THE GREAT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT (IV)
IATAN RADU
We analyze the stability of a movement of a platform with four wheels (which are situated on the both sides of its longitudinal axis), on a straight or bended road, under the action of the external loads (proper weights, friction forces, inertia and wind forces).
THE TRANSVERSAL STABILITY OF THE PLATFORMS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF THE GREAT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT (V)
IATAN RADU
This last part of the cycle dedicated to the transversal stability of the movement of the platforms for the transportation of the great technological equipment presents the necessary conditions for this case, tvpical for the platforms having even number of equidistant axles, with twofold double wheels. Like in the others analysed situations we take into consideration the proper weights, the inertia, wind forces and the friction forces between tires and the surface of the road, too.
A SOLUTION FOR A CORRECT MANAGERIAL DECISION IN THE OPTIMUM CHOOSING OF AN EQUIPMENT, IN CASE OF MULTIPLE OFFERS
IORDACHE GHEORGHE*, BUSCA LAVINIA**
It is very difficult to choose the best equipment from a great number of equipment with similar performances, if there are not clear selection criteria. The suggested method starts from the indicators based on the equipment main operation features and it established a value scale for the initially defined criteria. The exemplification was done on machines for the crushing of solid materials.
THE DETERMINATION SPEEDS OF FLOAT FOR REAL PARTICLE
MOŞNEGUŢU EMILIAN*, NECULAIASA VASILE**, NEDEFF VALENTIN*, PANAINTE MIRELA*
from first process of purification and he sorts of a blend of vegetable origin represents it the aerodynamic separation, which operation is caned realize in combination or don't with another method is separated. The behavior of a particle air flow is accessible to next features: form and the sizes particles, the density and the humidity particles and the state surface particles. Caned achieved an aerodynamic separation is due to is known the speed of floats what particles is submissive processes. Speed of float of a real particle, particle obtained from agriculture or from breaching up operation with form and the variables sizes, caused with of help special equipment.
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION REGARDING STATISTICAL CALCULUS ABOUT DISTRIBUTION OF SIZE AT PARTICLES AT RESULT FROM GRINDING PROCESS
PANAINTE MIRELA, NEDEFF VALENTIN, BURCĂ GENOVEVA, SAVIN CARMEN, MOŞNEGUŢU EMILIAN
praised like at process from created new surfaces, the grinding process it is different of complexes, because at many factors which influenced the process. An important role in estimated the grinding operation it is represented by the grinding degree.
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT OBTAINING HOMOGENIZATION DEGREE FOR A NON-NEWTONIAN BLEND
SAVIN CARMEN, ZICHIL VALENTIN, BURCĂ GENOVEVA, PANAINTE MIRELA
The author's goal is to establish theoretical relations for the homogenization degree, arithmetical mean and dispersion (standard variance) of non - newtonian blend with variable viscosity by statistical method. The statistical method is a physical theory which is study and description the behavior of a certain non-newtonian blend composed by numerous non-newtonian phases.
RESEARCHES REGARDING MODERN PROCESSING OF POTATOES
TANE NICOLAE, THIERHEIMER WALTER
This paper presents some researches performed by authors about the potatoes processing and storing in the mountain farms. By optimizing the values of main parameters of process, material loose are reduced with 10...20 %.
DOMESTIC RESIDUAL DEPOSITS THAT HAVE AN INFLUENCE UPON GROUND WATERS
IFRIM IRINA*, CIOBANU DOMNICA*, RUSU BRĂNDUŞA**
The technological procedure by which the urban residual deposits are being processed presents an obvious impact upon the quality of the environment. Through the process of infiltration the domestic residual deposits can negatively affect the quality of the subsurface waters. The presence of precipitations depends on the climatic conditions and together with a raised degree of permeability of the deposits; it contributes to the polluting of the subsurface waters, emphasized by the values of the chemical content of oxygen expressed by CCOCr and CB05.
WASTE MINIMIZATION IN MEAT PROCESSING INDUSTRY
IONAŞCU DANIELA, CIOBANU DOMNICA, PAVEL EDUARD, TULBURE MONICA
Meat processing is one of the most important fields of the food processing industry. In this view, the waste emissions and the environmental impact are looked from more than one point. There is more than one solution for waste emissions treatment, but the costs are high, and they necessitate permanent inputs, both material and human resources being needed constantly. In the recent years, the attention focused on the minimization of the waste emissions. The technique used to analyze and give solution is named waste minimization technique, and its methodology will be presented. Some of the technical solutions for waste minimization in the meat processing industry are presented in this study.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE USE OF CHEMICALS METHODS IN MEAT PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT
IONAŞCU DANIELA, CIOBANU DOMNICA, PAVEL EDUARD, TULBURE MONICA
The main objective of this research program; was the reduction of the pollution degree of wastewater resulted from the meat processing industry, using chemicals methods. We focused of the decolorisation of the slaughtering wastewater using the coagulation methods. As we well known, the main pollution agent in the slaughtering process is blood, which coagulates and precipitates in the presence of alumina and iron salts. The research program wants to proof the method efficiency and to determinate the optimum parameters of the process.
THE COMMERCIALIZATION EMISSIONS OF DIOXIDE OF CARBON
MĂCĂRESCU BOGDAN, NEDEFF VALENTIN, MOŞNEGUŢU EMILIAN, PANAINTE MIRELA
The effect of greenhouse is some from effect human activity to global level. This indicates the measure power of warms of a molecule of gas through a restraint parts from the solar radiation in 20 years. Until 2050, merely through the growth concentration of carbon-dioxide, average temperature to the surface earths plough scales up by 3 up to 5°. If not has existed this effect of greenhouse, average temperature to the surface earths plough be of 18° against 25o current. Reduce the emissions of C02 is obligatory for all operators, and one what don't succeed must buy license. For non-observance emissions of GES are foresee punishment of 50 Eu/ton of C02 emit in period 2005 - 2007 and of 100 Eu/ton of C02 emit after 2008.
THE RESPONSIBILITY WHAT RETURN THE ECONOMIC AGENTS IN AGREEMENT WITH NORM 96/61/CE - IPPC, 2001/80/EC- LPC, 99/13/EC - VOC, 96/82/CE SEVESO II
MĂCĂRESCU BOGDAN, NEDEFF VALENTIN, PANAINTE MIRELA, MOŞNEGUŢU EMILIAN
Acquis was complete accepts, by Romania from 31 December 2002. As a result become visible and an obligation, which was, writes in Document of position cap. 22 - Average. Each operator, with pact significantly about were, was questioned in report with foresight Norm of Community European and was established the conditions and terms which must respected for the application correct of this.
MEDICAL USES OF SOME STRONG HALLUCINOGENS
MIRON DORU NECULAI, DOSPINESCU ANA-MARIA, DRON PAUL IONUŢ
The goal of this paper is the study of the actions of some strong hallucinogens on the human body. Researches were concentrated on cocaine and its effects. Some recent studies showed that beside negative effect are also known positive effects too. Cocaine is medically used to produce anesthesia in nose surgery, neck surgery, for blood vessels constriction and for reducing the blood lost during surgery.
MAGNESIUM DETERMINATION FROM POTABLE WATER. HYPOTHESIS CARCINOGENIC EFFECT
MIRON DORU NECULAI, DOSPINESCU ANA-MARIA, DRON PAUL IONUŢ
The goal of this paper was to quantitative determine magnesium from potable water. In water magnesium gives one third or the total water hardness. It is known that magnesium is a mineral substance indispensable to the human body, taking part to approximately 325 biochemical reactions. Till now there are little studies to research the toxic effect of magnesium over the human body. Lately there are more and more studies that try to asses the carcinogenic effect of magnesium.
STUDIES, RESEARCHES AND DETERMINATIONS CONCERNING DYNAMICALLY EMISSIONS OF NOx, SO2, CO, AND O2 ON CHANNEL OF GASES UP BURNT FROM CALDRONS OF 420 T / H - BROWN COAL
NEDEFF VALENTIN, MĂCĂRESCU BOGDAN, MOŞNEGUŢU EMILIAN, PANAINTE MIRELA
Thermoelectric station by-path and abide at forwards important source of pollutant emissions. The modernization of this station presupposes know structure and average values of pollutant substances on period of operation to normally former parameters respective installations. Method of monitoring structure and values emissions which was selected proper obtained for obtain values the maul approached one real. The measurements make showed as the average values obtained for pollutant substances am approached the admissible values approve until in the year 2007, but many superior admissible values approve after the year 2007.
BACTERIA`S PART IN SELF-PURIFICATION PROCESS OF POLLUTED WATER
NISTOR DENISA, URSU ALINA, MIRON DORU NECULAI, PENZES G., ANDRIEŞ IULIANA
This scientific work presents the way that bacteria act in the process of self- purification, some experiments made in the heterotrophic denitrification, as well as the technology of treating for removing nitrates by using biofilters. Microorganisms like bacteria, worms, insect`s larva, can use hydrocarbons from water directly as food, transforming them in CO2, H2O, energy and biological substance.
THEORETICAL STUDY ABOUT THE WAYS OF TURNING TO ACCOUNT DOMESTIC WASTE AND ANIMAL DEJECTIONS - THE BIOGAS
NISTOR DENISA, MIRON DORU NECULAI, URSU ALINA, CONSTANTINESCU A., ARNOLD C.
This paper is intended to promote as a theoretical basis the principles and advantages of using alternative energy sources, mainly the biogas. Biogas is a mixture of gases; the caloric power of biogas is influenced by the content of methane. The paper present also the main factors who influence the biogas production.
THEORETICAL BENEFITS AND NEGATIVES EFFECTS OF BIODIESEL UTILIZATION
NISTOR DENISA, URSU ALINA, DIACONU M., ANDRIEŞ IULIANA
This paper present how is produced and where can be used biodiesel - the unconventional source of energy. The basic process to obtain biodiesel is the transformation of triglyceride from the vegetable and animal oils, using an alcohol. According to the studies conducted by National Biodiesel Board, the biodiesel mixed with petrodicsel can be used without modifying the construction of engine.
TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROCESS
RAVEICA IONEL
The principal aims in implementing the National Environmental Policy are (1) to reduce paperwork, (2) to avoid delay, and most importantly (3) to produce better decisions-;, that protect, restore, and enhance the environment. This paper presents four strategies: for improving the environmental protection process along with first five tools that can be used to implement each strategy. The tools include guidelines for project management and problem definition, tips for acquiring existing information and identifying issues of public concern, worksheets on how to identify and analyze potential impacts on resources, ideas for enhancing documents, and a process checklist. The tools can be used at various stages of the environmental protection process and provide a toolbox of guidelines and techniques to improve implementation of the process by focusing the pertinent information for decisionmakers and stakeholders.
CONTRIBUTIONS RELATED TO TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS WITH INFLUENCE IN ANAEROBIC PROCESSES WITHIN A DOMESTIC WASTE DEPOSIT
RUSU BRĂNDUŞA, CIOBANU DOMNICA, PĂDURARU LĂCRĂMIOARA
The research work was achieved to set the contribution of the technological dominant factors with the process of anaerobic biodegradation in a pilot domestic waste deposit. The results of the research underlined a positive influence of organic domestic waste quqntity under the conditions where the period and humidity of the content has insignificant influences.
ABOUT THE LYFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
TOPLICEANU LILIANA
This study is intended as one basis for decisions regarding waste management energy policies. We are using Life Cycle Assessment for comparing different alternative waste treatment strategies. LCA is an iterative process, where information revealed during the course of the study may impose a revision of earlier steps.
LYFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR SOLID WASTE
TOPLICEANU LILIANA
This study is intended as one basis for decisions regarding waste management energy policies. We are using Life Cycle Assessment for comparing different alternative waste treatment strategies. LCA is an iterative.
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE POLLUTION LIMITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DETERMINATION THE POLLUTION LIMITS OF TECHNOLOGICAL WATER RESULTS FROM MEAT PROCESS - Part no. 1: Wastewater quality express by the biodegradable indicators
TULBURE MONICA, PAVEL EDUARD, IONAŞCU DANIELA, CIOBANU DOMNICA
The purpose of this report is to asset the pollution degree, using chemical indicators represented by COD, suspend materials, fixed residue, for use water from the meat processing. The results are reflecting in crest value in summer mouth and winter holiday cause by technological conditions applied.
CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE POLLUTION LIMITS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DETERMINATION THE POLLUTION LIMITS OF TECHNOLOGICAL WATER RESULTS FROM MEAT PROCESS - Part no. 2: Use water quality expressible in chemical indicators
TULBURE MONICA, IONAŞCU DANIELA, CIOBANU DOMNICA, PAVEL EDUARD
The purpose a this elaborate paper of investigation praised the pollution measure express in biochemical indicators represent as: chlorides, phosphates and nitrates, for worn out water from meat process. The results was praised, the values in growth in the summer month and is holidays periods, values caused the technological conditions used in this season.
HEAT TRANSFER TO EVAPORATING LIQUID FILMS
CĂLIMAN RADU, OLARU IONEL
Results are presented for the heat-transfer coefficient for evaporation from the surface of water films flowing along the outside surface of vertical tube for the cases of laminar and turbulent flow. Correspondence with results for condensation and liquid heating is shown and the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is indicated to depend on quantities other than Reynolds number.
A THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THERMALLY GOVERNED TRANSIENT FLOW SURGES IN TWO-PHASE CONDENSING FLOW
CĂLIMAN RADU, OLARU IONEL
The specific transient phenomenon under consideration is the outlet flowrate of subcooled liquid from a tube-type condenser where complete condensation takes place. Experimental data are presented which indicates that a small change in the inlet vapor flowrate will momentarily cause a very large transient surge in the outlet flowrate of subcooled liquid. These experimentally measured flow transients are predicted quite accurately using a system mean void fraction model. Also, some preliminary results are presented which indicate the influence of throttling at the condenser outlet as a means of attenuating the transient overshoot characteristics.
A PROCEDURE TO OBTAIN THE SIMILITUDE OF FLUE-GAS FLOW IN THE ROTARY LJUNGSTROM TYPE PRE-HEATER AND A SPECIAL APPARATUS
CIUCESCU EDUARD
A special apparatus permitting to determine maintaining time necessary for the metallic matrix of the heat wheel to absorb maximum energy from the flue-gas was invented. In order to obtain a good accuracy in determining the maintaining time, in this apparatus and in the rotary Ljungstrom type pre-heaters it must realize a similitude of flue- gas flow. This paper presents a procedure to obtain the similitude of flue-gas flow in the rotary Ljungstrom type pre-heater and the special apparatus presented above.
A METHOD TO OPTIMIZE THE RUNNING OF ROTARY LJUNGSTROM TYPE PRE-HEATER
CIUCESCU EDUARD
A major problem for all rotary Ljungstrom type pre-heaters is to optimize the number of rotation of the heat wheel. Due to the many sources of boiler inefficiency, the temperature of flue gas changes, it is necessary to change the number of rotation of heat wheel. This paper presents an apparatus in two variants permitting to determine maintaining time necessary for the metallic matrix of the heat wheel to absorb maximum energy from the flue-gas.
A SYSTEM FOR VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS IN VARIABLE CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
IONESCU MIHAIL
From the earliest days of scientific studies on lubrication, the importance of lubricant viscosity has been recognized. The performance of the equipments and machines that use lubricants is decisively influenced by the variation of viscosity depending on pressure and temperature. The paper succinctly presents the installation that has been used, the testing methods as well as part of the measurements. The analysis of experimental results bears out the interdependence between viscosity on the one hand, and pressure- temperature on the other hand. The results are synthetically shown on two tables and three diagrams.
RELATION OF FILM THICKNESS IN THREE LOBE JOURNAL BEARINGS
IONESCU MIHAIL
Multilobe bearings have received considerable attention in the last years. For very high rotation rates, pre-loaded three lobe bearings have been found most convenient, owing to their high functioning stability. The quantitative estimation of three lobe bearing parameters involves in the first place an exact calculation of lubricant film thickness. The present paper proposes a calculation relation for the film thickness effective for three lobe hydrodynamic bearings. In addition to the classic relation, it makes calculation easier and eliminates possible geometric errors caused by the complex positioning of the lobes.
MODELING COMPLEX STRUCTURES WITH SOLID EDGE CASE STUDY: CRANE HOOK
LAMBRESCU IONUT
3D modeling evolution has been very dynamic in the last years. The software packages that address this topic reached a level o power and versatility unthinkable ten years ago. Their use proved to be quite easy and at least for not complicated models it is almost obvious what to do and how to do. When the model gets more complex, then the user experience and knowledge of the product (software) becomes an important ingredient in developing a robust and easy to edit model. The paper presents a case study dealing with 3D modeling of a crane hook used in oil drilling equipment. The modeling has been done using Solid Edge VI5.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE CURVATURE IN LARGE INCLINATION DERRICKS ON THE TUBING MATERIAL AND ON THE EXTRACTION PIPES
LAMBRESCU IONUT, NICOLESCU ŞERBAN
The paper aims at analyzing the stress and displacements in the tubular material used in derrick with large inclinations or even horizontals. For the wells with great values for the curvature, one can find in the practical experience that important transversal deformations occur in the tubular material (reductions in the interior diameter - elongation and collapse behavior). The authors intend to study analytically these phenomena by using the finite elements method.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH REGARDING MALFUNCTIONING DETECTION FROM HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
PRODAN DAN, IACOB ROBERT
In this paper is presented a method to track the malfunctioning from hydraulic systems. This method aloud the identification of causes, even apparatus with malfunctions, not being needed to dismantle the system. The method of detection the inappropiate function of installation is based on establishing the temperatures from the whole system.
HIDRAULIC SYSTEMS FOR ROBOTICS
TOPLICEANU LILIANA *, VIZITIU GABRIELA **
In this paper we considered a bilateral master-slave system composed of electro-hydraulic servo-systems. We create the system such us the operator can feel a fed back force from the slave. The function in this device is generated in terms of a control algorithm through a force sensor. Practical, we propose a driving method of actuator that uses a force sensor attached to the actuator. We present the graphics results.
ADVANTAGES OF ACTIVE STEERING FOR VEHICLE DYNAMICS CONTROL
COJOCARU AURELIAN, THIERHEIMER WALTER, TANE NICOLAE, BOLDOR DIANA
Steering and braking control is applied to avoid rollover of road vehicles. The control concept presented is composed of two feedback loops: Continuous operation steering control and emergency braking control. In continuous operation the roll rate and the roll acceleration are fed back by velocity scheduled gains to the front wheel steering angle. Thereby, the vehicle's roll damping is robustly improved for a wide range of speed and height of the center of gravity. The latter may change for example with a vehicle from ride to ride. A rollover coefficient is defined that basically depends on the lateral acceleration at the center of gravity of the vehicle's sprung mass. For critical values of this variable the emergency steering and braking system is activated. The rollover coefficient is also used for nonlinear feedback to the front wheel steering angle.
GENERAL MODELING OF MECHANISMS WITH NATURAL COORDINATES
GHENADI ADRIAN, CRIHAN VASILE
The modeling of a mechanism with natural coordinates, like any other multi- body system, is carried out by means of a system of algebraic constraint equations. These are complemented by additional equations describing the requirements of the mechanism. All types of requirements - paths, function generation, body guidance, and correlation between members - may be given in this way, so that there is a unified method for treating any kind of synthesis.
OPTIMAL KINEMATIC ANALYSIS BASED ON NATURAL COORDINATES
GHENADI ADRIAN, CRIHAN VASILE
In the present work, optimization is done with penalty formulation and a non- derivative search. Linkage kinematics is solved by separate analysis software, which provides the "evaluation step" in the search of optimal solutions.
ASSISTED RESEARCH OF THE ROBOT VIBRATION BEHAVIOR WITH THE VIRTUAL LABVIEW INSTRUMENTATION
OLARU ADRIAN
The most important things in the dynamic research of industrial robots are the vibration behavior, the transfer function, the proper vibration modes and the vibration power spectral density between some of the robot joints. In the world this research is made without the assisted research, in each of the study cases was used the Fourier analyzer apparatus, not virtual instrumentation. In this paper is presented one new method of the assisted vibration analysis with LabVIEW proper instrumentation.
ASSISTED OPTIMIZATION OF THE ROBOT VIBRATION PROPER MODES WITH THE VIRTUAL LABVIEW INSTRUMENTATION
OLARU ADRIAN
In the manufacturing systems with the robots one of the most important things is to know and optimize the proper modes of the vibrations. The paper presents one new method of the assisted determination of the modal vectors and of the vibration proper modes. By using the comparative analyze was possible to choose the optimal value of the weight or of the dimension of all the robot bodies.
SOLICITATION STATES AT CIRCULAR PLATES
POPA CARMEN
In this paper we make a theoretical and a numerical analyze of a circular and isotropic plate. Essential agreements exist between the analytical and numerical results.
MATHEMATICAL METHOD TO UNFOLD AN OBLIQUE PYRAMID
POPA CARMEN
In this paper a mathematical method for calculate the unfolding of an oblique pyramid is shown. The real dimensions of the edges and the angles between the edges of the pyramid, too, are found out with this method. For this, we use the programme AutoCad 2002 and for the mathematical calculations we use the programme Mathematica 5.0.
ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE ROLL-OVER DYNAMICS
THIERHEIMER WALTER
The problem of kinematical, dynamical and mathematical models is considered to characterize the dynamical behavior of vehicles on curvilinear movement. In this particular case were considered the elements that have a great influence on this dynamic behavior of vehicles, as: geometry of guiding wheels, constructive and functional features particular to each front stabilization system of the vehicles, as well as the road microprofile that influence in particular the linear movement. The differential equation described in here was solved using the Laplace's method and the experimental works was carried out using a BMC acquisition system. The theoretical and experimental data comparison confirms with good accuracy the hypothesis made on the study of vehicle's stabilization system.
STEERING AND BRAKING CONTROL FOR VEHICLE ROLLOVER AVOIDANCE
THIERHEIMER WALTER
This paper presents an adaptive steering controller for achieving consistent, sensitive, and accurate steering control with noisy and drifting control signals on an automated agricultural tractor. Conventional model-based PID controller is difficult to solve this problem because of too many disturbances and unknown factors. The author have developed an adaptive steering controller consisting of an adaptive Kalman filter and an adaptive nonlinearity compensator for attenuating the effects of those disturbances and unknown factors. Both simulation and test results indicated that the method of using an adaptive Kalman filter and an adaptive gain compensator is an effective steering controller design approach for solve the programs generated by the noisy and drifting control signals such as tractor automated steering control.
SWOT ANALYSIS FOR CREATION, INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS IDEA
VINTILĂ CRISTIAN
The SWOT analysis headings provide a good framework for reviewing strategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition, or any idea. Completing a SWOT analysis is very simple, and is a good subject for workshop sessions. SWOT analysis also works well in brainstorming meetings. Use SWOT analysis for business planning, strategic planning, competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and research reports.
THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF CALCULUS OF FRICTION SURFACE TEMPERATURE FOR THE COUPLE BRAKE SHOE-RIM
UNGUREANU MIORIŢA
In the paper is studied the thermical regime for the case of emergency brake end is presented one algorithm for calculus of friction surface temperature for the couple brake shoe -rim included in the braking system of the mining hoisting machine.